siegfried line between which country

The Siegfried Line at the start of the Second World War had serious weaknesses. On est juste sur la ligne Siegfried, cher ami. By. 24th Parallel is the line which Pakistan claims for demarcation between India This, however, is not recognized by India The Siegfried Line Museum lies near the German- Luxembourg border in the Eifel mountains. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Soldiers were sent to man them, ready to stop the Allied advance. The existence of the vast defense network was announced. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Along and around the Siegfried Line ( France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Germany) Outcome Allied victory The Siegfried Line campaign (25 August 1944-7 March 1945) was a campaign of World War II that occurred as the Allied armies advanced from Paris to the Rhine River in the aftermath of the Liberation of Paris on 25 August 1944. Henry MacMahon, demarcating the frontier of India&China. Flannan Isles Lighthouse: The unsolved mystery of the three missing keepers, Haytor Granite Tramway and its unique granite railway tracks. The Wehrmacht was again behind the defensive fortifications known as the Siegfried Line, commonly known in Germany as the Westwall. Sebastian Schne of the environment group Bund, inspects a Siegfried Line bunker in a forest south-west of Cologne, Germany. For the First World War "Siegfriedstellung", see, German defensive line built during the 1930s. They featured a central room or shelter for 1012 men with a stepped embrasure facing backwards and a combat section 50cm (20in) higher. He currently lives in Maryland, USA. This construction phase included the towns of Aachen and Saarbrcken, which were initially west of the Limes Programme defence line. To avoid any such vulnerability, he extended his defensive line all the way along his borders with both countries. Frequently vertical steel rods would be interspersed between the teeth. The Bulge, The Siegfried Line and The Rivers. Find the travel option that best suits you. Most workers received the West Wall Medal for their service.[7]. No need to register, buy now! The Siegfried Line proved one of the toughest parts of Germany to take. There were also thousands of anti-tank obstacles, largely Drachenzhne or dragons teeth, laid between the manned structures. The origin of the name "Westwall" is unknown, but it appeared in popular use from the middle of 1939; there is a record of Hitler sending an Order of the Day to the soldiers and the workers at the "Westwall" on 20 May 1939. There were serious clashes along other parts of the Siegfried Line and soldiers in many bunkers refused to surrender, often fighting to the death. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. These blocks of reinforced concrete stand in several rows on a single foundation. On 15 March 1935 the French war minister General Louis Maurin addressed the Chamber of Deputies in the following terms: "How could anyon, Meuse-Argonne Offensive From September 1944 to March 1945 the Siegfried Line was subjected to a large-scale Allied offensive. But that was not all. This effect is magnified because the concrete ruins cannot be used for agricultural or forestry purposes. Along the Siegfried Line there were around 18,000 structures, such as bunkers, traps for tanks, and tunnels. Dictionary of American History. The main aim of this study was to determine the agreement in . Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda drew foreign attention to the unfinished Westwall, in several instances showcasing incomplete or test positions to portray the project finished and ready for action. . The Americans, British, Canadians, and French suffered over a quarter of a million casualties while taking the line. Most amazingly though the Germans failed to learn the very lesson they had taught the French and built their own Siegfried Line which also ended up a total failure. March 27, 2017 ; 15.4K views ; Boundaries between Countries. German propaganda, both at home and abroad, repeatedly portrayed the Westwall during its construction as an unbreachable bulwark. In total,the Siegfried Line claimed the lives of around 140,000 American soldiers. ID: 2B847W5 (RM) However, the date of retrieval is often important. Browse 81 professional siegfried line stock photos available royalty-free. Where no natural antitank obstacles existed, a belt of pyramidal concrete projections called "dragon's teeth" barred access across the terrain. Siegfried Line working for Germany's wildlife Second World War fortifications built to protect the country's western frontier have become a major habitat for some rare species. 20,000 laborers were summoned to work on the line. Here is more than fighting within a fortified line. Find the perfect siegfried line wwii stock photo. Steve Noon was born in Kent, UK, and attended art college in Cornwall. Slope The Siegfried Line was the name given by Allied troops to fortifications erected before World War II along Germany's western frontier. Dictionary of American History. Siegfried Line . In August 1944, the first clashes took place on the Siegfried Line; the section of the line where most fighting took place was the Hrtgenwald (Hrtgen Forest) area in the Eifel, 20km (12mi) southeast of Aachen. It included photos of strong concrete forts. Weapons and supplies were removed and the bunkers locked up. 1 2. slope / slp/ n. 1. a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a rising or falling surface: h, The MeuseArgonne Offensive (1918)was the final and most important campaign for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), commanded by Gen. John J. Pe, Louis Ferdinand Cline Hindenburg Line The Hindenburg Line was a German defensive position built during the winter of 1916 - 1917 on the Western Front during the 1 st World War. It was a band three miles deep of more than three thousand concrete pillboxes, troop shelters, and command posts. "Siegfried Line The 'Siegfried Line', known in German as the Westwall, and to the Allies as the Dragons Teeth, was a German defensive line built during the 1930s opposite the French Maginot Line. In World War Two, Germany once again erected a line of defense along her western flank. Siegfried Line is the line of fortification drawn up by Germany on its border with France. The World War Two Siegfried Line was laid further to the east than it's original namesake. Among them were men who would go on to become President of the United States of America, Prime Minister of Great Britain, US Secretary of State, a movie star, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The original Siegfried line ( German: Siegfriedstellung) was a line of defensive forts and tank defenses built by Germany as a section of the Hindenburg Line 1916-1917 in northern France during World War I. Siegfried Line, system of pillboxes and strongpoints built along the German western frontier in the 1930s and greatly expanded in 1944. The more vulnerableareas were there specifically to lure their enemy deeper into the network until they became bogged down. In addition, the First Army incurred over 50,000 non-battle casualties and the Ninth Army over 20,000. The gray and broken remains of the Siegfried Line can still be seen, sprawling across hundreds of miles of German countryside, a reminder of a grim and bloody era. The mothballing of the Siegfried Line was hurriedly undone. The armour-plated sections were designed to include the embrasures and their shutters, as well as armoured cupolas for 360 defence. German General Alfred Jodl said after the war that it was "little better than a building site in 1939", and when Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt inspected the line, the weak construction and insufficient weapons caused him to laugh. The Siegfried Line (or Westwall, as the Germans called it) was a defence line tracing over 630 kilometres of the western border of the German Reich, made up of more than 18,000 bunkers, tunnels and countless trenches and tank barriers. Each side was equipped with an opening from which the soldiers fired their weapons. The bunker and museum lies within the municipality of Irrel and have been open to visitors since 1979. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/siegfried-line, "Siegfried Line It is housed in a bunker that was part of the former Siegfried Line, the Katzenkopf Strongpoint, which was built from 1937 to 1939. Zweibrcken Air Base was built on top of the Siegfried Line. In 1944, during World War II, German troops retreating from France found it an effective barrier for a respite against the pursuing Americans. This offensive was a last-ditch attempt by the Germans to reverse the course of the war in the West. The term Siegfried Line refers to two different German defensive lines, one during the First World War and the other during the Second World War. Surviving examples still retain signs warning "Walls have ears" and "Lights out when embrasures are open!". New York: Oxford University Press, 1969. Working conditions were highly dangerous. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. South of Rott the Americans cracked a number of bunkers and at 1225 achieved a penetration in the German MLR. Charles B. MacDonald. The early fortifications were mostly built by private firms, but the private sector was unable to provide the number of workers needed for the programmes that followed; this gap was filled by the Todt Organisation. Marginal Line: 320 km line of fortification on the Russia Finland border. A crater blocked the tanks from crossing normally by road. The attempt to call up people to dig new trenches was not as successful as the government had hoped. When the Allies began fighting their way through Normandy in 1944, it became apparent Germany would need to be defended. More embrasures were provided for riflemen, and the entire structure was constructed so as to be safe against poison gas. There was so little regard for the line that Allied troops marched to war singing a mocking song about how they would hang out their washing on the line if the Siegfried Lines still there. See alsoBulge, Battle of the ; Normandy Invasion . The British 21st Army Group also attacked the Siegfried Line. Called the Westwall by the Germans, it was built between 1938 and 1940 and is made of more than 18.000 pillboxes and tank traps. It was drawn up in 1896 by Sir Mortimer Durand. In exposed positions, similar small bunkers were erected with small round armoured "lookout" sections on the roofs. The Siegfried Line, known in German as the Westwall, was a German defensive line built during the 1930s (started 1936) opposite the French Maginot Line.It stretched more than 630 km (390 mi); from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the western border of Nazi Germany, to the town of Weil am Rhein on the border with Switzerland - and featured more than 18,000 bunkers, tunnels and . Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Once the base was closed, workers, digging up the base's fuel tanks, discovered lost bunkers buried below the tanks. For two years, under a shroud of secrecy forts were built beneath camouflage nets and reed mats. Getting 360,000 people to turn up and dig was still an impressive achievement. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The bunkers were still fitted with guns, which proved inadequate early in the war and were subsequently dismantled. Heating was from a safety oven, the chimney of which was covered with a thick grating. Referred to as the Westwall. It was not a matter of cost effectiveness. STEINFELD WW2. We tend to talk about Scandi jazz like it's one big genre. Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases. Built as a series of forts, bunkers, and tank traps, the West Wall--known as the Siegfried Line to the Allies--stretched along Germany's western border. The song was used as a morale-booster during the war, particularly up to and during the Battle of France. Our Division was called upon by Gen. Patton to help close the salient (The Bulge) effected by the Germans in the Ardennes region. "[8], This article is about the Second World War defensive line. In 1938, Hitler made an order to reinforce these lines of defense on Germanys western border. The first breakthrough of the Siegfried Linie took place at the morning of Wednesday 13 September 1944. If the contour of the land allowed it, water-filled ditches were dug instead of tank traps. Stock Photos. When the campaign finished, transportable weapons and materials (metal doors for instance) were removed from the Siegfried Line and used in other places such as the Atlantic Wall defences. These programmes were all pushed forward with the highest priority, putting a heavy demand on the available resources. Many other irregular lines of teeth were also built. As the name suggests, these bunkers were the de-facto standard bunker design built by the Germans along the Siegfried Line and the Atlantic Wall as well. Information and translations of siegfried line in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Ch. [1] Instead, both sides remained stuck in the so-called Phoney War, where neither side attacked the other and both stayed in their safe positions. The Siegfried Line was a World War II German defensive system stretching some 390 miles along the western border of the old German Empire. They were aiming for a million civilians and got just over a third of that number. For this reason, emergency archaeological digs took place whenever any part of the line was removed, for example for road building. Touted by German propagandists as impregnable, the line contributed to German success in bluffing France and Great Britain at Munich in 1938. The building of the line was overseen by Fritz Todt, a civil engineer who built many of Nazi Germanys military installations, as well as road networks and other large government projects. ABOUT THE BATTLE FOR THE SIEGFRIED LINE The Battle of Hrtgen Forest was a series of fierce battles fought from 19 September to 16 December 1944 between American and German forces on the Western Front during World War II in the Hrtgen Forest, a 140 km2 (54 sq mi) area about 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the Belgian-German border. Water filled ditches and steel bars were also employed in tank defenses. (October 27, 2022). . The plans for its construction were laid down in 1936. Siegfried Line East: France & Germany (at the time of Second World War) 16 Parallel North: . It stretched for almost 400 miles along the border of the German Empire, from the northern-most point of countrys border with the Netherlands at the town of Kleve, down to Switzerland. I want to see hotel recommendations when using Rome2rio Breaching the Westwall / Siegfried Line 1944 A little work on the original West Wall between the Moselle and the Rhine was done during the succeeding years; however, no real effort was made to. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. With this organisation's help, huge numbers of forced labourers up to 500,000 at a time worked on the Siegfried Line. //]]>. The line involved strongpoints surrounded by weaker fortifications. What does siegfried line mean? Line of . . The Siegfried Line, known in German as the West wall, was a German defensive line built during the 1930s opposite the French Maginot Line. Standard construction elements such as large Regelbau bunkers, smaller concrete "pillboxes", and "dragon's teeth" anti-tank obstacles were built as part of each construction phase, sometimes by the thousands. The map reflects this with half of the map being a sprawling field with bunkers. Show algorithmically generated translations. With the D-Day landings in Normandy on 6 June 1944, war in the west broke out once more. The Americans committed an estimated 120,000 troops plus reinforcements to the Battle of Hrtgen Forest. It took three years to complete, from 1936 to 1939. Siegfried is the prince of the Netherlands, son of Siegmund and Sieglind.He is a handsome knight famed for his valiant exploits. With no defenses needed between the two countries, the line was abandoned. The Siegfried Line Campaign had cost the Germans thousands of individual replacements who might have fought in the Ardennes, and it had worn out many of the divisions upon which Rundstedt was counting. The Mighty Endeavor: American Armed Forces in the European Theater in World War II. solved unsolved mysteries 2022 x yhlqmdlg tattoo x yhlqmdlg tattoo 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. American, British, and Canadian soldiers breached the German defensive line at several points, with heavy losses on both sides. They need not have worried. Looking east from the little German border villages southeast of Aachen, the Huertgen Forest is a seemingly impenetrable mass, a vast, undulating, blackishgreen ocean stretching as far as the eye. However, they were not pictures of the line. In World War Two, Germany once again erected a line of defense along her western flank. Touted by German propagandists as impregnable, the line contributed to German success in bluffing France and Great Britain at Munich in 1938. The Aachen Gap was the logical route into Germany's Rhineland and a main industrial area, and was therefore where the Germans concentrated their defence. If war came, then the German defenses were nothing compared with the French Maginot Line. After the Battle of Hrtgen Forest, the Battle of the Bulge began, starting in the area south of the Hrtgenwald, between Monschau and the Luxembourgish town of Echternach. The line ran from Arras to Laffaux, near Soissons on the Aisne. For camouflage they were often built near farms. Line of Actual Control: India & China on the Northern Border. It formed a section of a network of tank defenses and forts called the Hindenburg Line. [4] 20,000 forced labourers and members of the Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labour Service), most of whom were 1416-year-old boys, attempted to re-equip the line for defence purposes. Then, in 1938, he felt confident. David Crossland Nov 30, 2008 On top of the mat were the teeth themselves, truncated pyramids of reinforced concrete about a meter in height in the front row, to two meters high in the back. But despite the work of the Limes and similar programs, once the Second World War was in full swing, the defensive line began to demonstrate some weaknesses. The Western Air Defence Zone (Luftverteidigungszone West or LVZ West) continued parallel to the two other lines toward the east, and consisted mainly of concrete flak foundations. The Siegfried Line originally ended in the north near Brggen in the Viersen district. The Aachen-Saar programme bunkers were similar to those of the Limes programme: Type 107 double MG casemates with concrete walls up to 3.5m (11ft) thick. Inside, there was room for 12 men, and once inside the soldiers were safe from a potential poison gas attack. My Westwall "Rheinland Pfalz" 1 or 2 day Westwall Tour, is set in a stunning location and starts 2 kms from the German/French border, at Wissembourg and is opposite the French Maginot Line. The official name for the German defensive line construction program before and during the Second World War that collectively came to be known as the "Westwall" (and "Siegfried Line" in English) changed several times during the late 1930s reflecting areas of progress. Remnants of the Siegfried Line Dragon's Teeth. "Dragon's teeth" tank traps were also known as Hcker in German ('humps' or 'pimples' in English) because of their shape. Small bunkers with 50cm (20in) thick walls were set up with three embrasures towards the front. Some extraordinary people fought at the Siegfried Line. Siegfried Line, system of pillboxes and strongpoints built along the German western frontier in the 1930s and greatly expanded in 1944. -. But the bunkers were quite cramped; the soldiers had no more than 11 square feet of space each inside them. Limes refers to the former borders of the Roman Empire; the cover story for the programme was that it was an archaeological study. It was the West Wall, also known as the Siegfried Line. By early 1945 the last Siegfried Line bunkers had fallen at the Saar and Hunsrck. line1 / ln/ n. 1. a long, narrow mark or band: a row of closely spaced dots will look like a continuous line I can't draw a straight line. The programme was carried out by the Border Watch (Grenzwacht), a small military troop activated in the Rhineland immediately after the region was re-militarised by Germany after having been de-militarised following the First World War. ." window.__mirage2 = {petok:"GSdJ6r6aRUrcWinPWf0w9OA5L7Tlu5voeEX28Uju7PI-86400-0"}; By the fall of 1940, the Siegfried Line was unnecessary, but not for the reasons its critics had claimed. Built in late . Rudolf Kuehnes book about the line, Der Westwall, made a huge deal of how strong the defenses were. The Siegfried Line Campaign. Transport of materials and workers from all across Germany was managed by the Deutsche Reichsbahn railway company, which took advantage of the well-developed strategic railway lines built on Germany's western border in World War I. The first Siegfried Line (Siegfriedstellung) was built during the World War One, in 1916-17, as a defense line to protect Germany's western front in northern France. A total of 3,471 were built along the entire length of the Siegfried Line. Despite lost keys and four years of rust, the defenses were re-opened and re-equipped. Perhaps it seemed that we easily broke into Germany's strong defenses, but here is the story of conflict in the Schnee Eifel rangeand how the Wump gun did its part. No-one was planning on attacking Germany. In World War Two, Germany once again erected a line of defense along her western flank. In 1944, during World War II, German troops retreating from France found it an effective barrier for a respite against the pursuing Americans. posted by: 19th December 2020; No Comments . Next page. Much of it ran counter to the French Maginot Line, itself an . Kaufmann JE, Kaufmann HW: "Fortress third Reich", page 1305. Check 'Siegfried line' translations into German. Not until early spring of 1945, after German strength had been dissipated in a futile counter-offensive (the Battle of the Bulge), was the line pierced along its full length. Scattered MG 42 and MG 34 emplacements added additional defence against both air and land targets. The other half a small town featuring some fortifications. 84 relations. It stretched more than 630 km (390 mi); from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the western border of the old German Empire, to the town of Weil am Rhein on the border to Switzerland - and featured . Citadel Press, 2005 p 110, Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Learn how and when to remove this template message, We're Going to Hang out the Washing on the Siegfried Line, List of surviving elements of the Siegfried Line, United States Army Center of Military History, German Doctrine of the Stabilized Front, Report by US Military Intelligence Division, August 1943, Bunkers in Europe (include: Siegfried Line), You enter Germany: Bloody Huertgen and the Siegfried Line, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siegfried_Line&oldid=1117822410, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2015, Articles needing additional references from July 2011, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Border Watch programme (pioneering programme) for the most advanced positions (1938), This page was last edited on 23 October 2022, at 19:34. Jazz is no exception. He falls in love with Kriemhild from a distance, long before he ever lays eyes on her, and resolves to go to Burgundy to woo her. As well as tank obstacles, trenches, and barbed wire, the line included 22,000 bunkers and pillboxes. The Roer River Dams. Much of it ran counter to the FrenchMaginot Line, itself an extremely formidable but ultimately ineffective defensive line. The line was neglected following German victory over France in 1940; but as Allied armies approached in September 1944, Adolf Hitler decreed that it be held. The World War Two Siegfried Line was laid further to the east than its original namesake. Its theme is war, but it also views itself as a memorial to peace. They were of Czech border defenses. Shortly after noon on Sept 13, the US 3-AD resumed its drive up the Stolberg Corridor. Examples of this kind of defence are those north of Aachen near Geilenkirchen. Siegfried Line is based on the iconic defensive line Germany built opposite to the Maginot Line in World War 2. Luckily for Germany, the Siegfried Line saw little action in the early war years, but it did play a role in what later became known as the Phony War, a stand-off between the opposing forces. German loss of life and material was severe and the effort failed. SIEGFRIED LINE. The name derived either from a German defensive position of World War I, the Siegfriedstellung, or from the Siegfried legend celebrated in Richard Wagner's operas; it was popularized by a British music hall tune, "We're Going to Hang Out the Washing on the Siegfried Line." For instance, many Regelbau bunkers were built, which roughly translates as standard design. This standardisation was the most effective use of scarce raw materials, transport and workers, but proved an ineffective tank barrier as US bulldozers simply pushed dirt bridges over these devices. Siegfried Line. It did not save the German empire, but it created a serious obstacle to those bringing it down. By David Lewinson. They had a place to sleep and a small stool. Between the teeth, the were placed land mines and barbed wire. Login . [citation needed]. At times, as many as 2,000,000 American soldiers were involved in the fighting for the Siegfried Line. WAR IN THE SIEGFRIED LINE. Running from the Lowland countries to Germany's . 19th parallel line between which country. Tank traps still exist in many areas; in the Eifel, they run over several kilometres. He is the author of numerous books on military technology and history, including NVG 294 Allied Tanks in Normandy 1944 and NVG 283 American Guided Missiles of World War II. After D-Day in June 1944, as the Allies raced across France and threatened to pierce into the Reich, the Germans fell back on the West Wall. This elevated section had embrasures at the front and sides for machine guns. Various good shots of men at work. Faster access than browser! Space was tight, with about 1m2 (11sqft) per soldier, who was given a sleeping-place and a stool; the commanding officer had a chair. When the existence of the Siegfried Line was announced, it was done with great fanfare. Were Going to Hang out the Washing on the Siegfried Linewas a popular morale-boosting song among the British soldiers as they were sent off to fight in France. xmrig github termux windows 7 media creation tool download. The name Limes was chosen because it comes from the Latin word meaning path or boundary and is often used by historians to describe the borders of the ancientRoman Empire. It ran from Kleve, on the Dutch border, all the way to the border with Switzerland. // What does Siegfried Line Campaign, in US personnel, close to 140,000 [. `` Fortress third Reich '', see, German defensive Line at the front, at!, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images command posts impediment even a. 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