1. The notion of authority is one of the most controversial concepts found in legal and political philosophy. This essay plan includes detailed information about the agentic state and legitimacy of authority as well as five in depth evaluation points following the PEEL structure (poin. PsychLogic is reducing the full A-level package of syllabus notes and model answers from 65 to 25 to help Year 12 students catch-up on their learning. Most of the guards later claimed they were simply acting. Copyright Get Revising 2022 all rights reserved. Legitimacy Of Authority. In the study, the pps believed they were following orders given by an authority figure. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Home > A Level and IB study tools > Psychology > Legitimacy of authority. The findings also show that there is an instrumental component to legitimacy. broader debates and approaches in Psychology. someone who is perceived to be in a position of social control within a situation. Manage Settings In the case of legitimate authority, compliance is voluntary and based on a belief in the right of the authority to demand compliance. A strength of the study is that it has altered the way US prisons are run. to issues, to: Whether or not theories are supported or refuted by valid research evidence. The authority that they have is legitimate in the sense that it is agreed in society. 806 8067 22 Open mobile menu The study has received many ethical criticisms, including lack of fully informed consent by participants as Zimbardo himself did not know what would happen in the experiment (it was unpredictable). VAT reg no 816865400. Advantages. The first condition needed for a person to shift to the agentic state is the perception of a legitimate authority, i.e. 2. The answer as a whole lacks clarity, has many inaccuracies and is poorly organised. Sometimes the authority of a police officer is only uniform deep. Different societies vary the terms of this dimension. Therefore, the violence the children witnessed was on television and was Also, participants playing the role of prisoners were not protected from psychological harm, experiencing incidents of humiliation and distress. . An agentic shift occurs when a person defers to the authority figure. Thus supporting this as an explanation for obedience. Conformity to social roles as investigated by Zimbardo. Paper 1. This study lacks ecological validity as it was based on peoples perception of lines, this does not reflect the complexity of real life conformity. study. The strength of the bias to obey a legitimate authority figure comes from systemic socialization practices designed to instill the perception that such obedience constitutes correct behavior, and that genuine authority figures usually possess higher degrees of knowledge, wisdom and power. people in certain positions hold auhtority over the rest of us such as parents teachers and bouncers. Millions of individuals in Germany displayed obedient behavior but didnt have the same personality, it is unlikely that the majority of Germanys population possessed an authoritarian personality An alternative explanation like social identity theory (people identify with groups they are apart with and discriminate against ones they are not) may be more realistic. Tag Archives for: "Legitimacy of Authority". Helps explain why obedience leads to real life war crimes- My Lai massacre in terms of the power hierarchy of the US Army. This is linked with the uniform factor, as a uniform conveys a sense of legitimacy and authority. Chat; Life and style; Entertainment; Debate and current affairs; Study help; University help and courses; Universities and HE colleges; Careers and jobs; Explore all the forums on Forums home page Researchers think several factors cause people to carry obedience to extremes: People justify their behavior by assigning responsibility to the authority rather than themselves. Demand characteristics could explain the findings of the study. Legitimacy of Authority. If PsychBoost is helping in your studies, consider https://www.patreon.com/psychboost - I'm making A-level psych perks for patreons!Agentic state and legitim. Legitimacy of authority is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram. 0.0 / 5. Formal authority, for example, enables an individual to exert influence as a result of either high, legally recognized office (legitimate authority). 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. Banduras Bobo Doll studies legitimacy of authority psychology legitimacy of authority psychologypayday 2 view other players mods. Menu. Variables affecting conformity Can we generalize from studies on animals to humans as their anatomy & physiology is different from humans? affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram. We're available through e-mail, live chat and Facebook. It has been included in the discussion of legitimate forms of social organization and legitimate forms of political action. I.e the study has low ecological validity. Legitimacy of authority is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram. A limitation is that this study lacked ecological validity as it was carried out in a lab under artificial conditions. Animal Research - A01 LEGITAMCY OF AUTHORITY: Most societies are structured hiearchally. Watch popular content from the following creators: Wilfred(@wilfy03), Dr Paul(@drpaul_psych_made_simple), Mia (@miaxnicola), Lauren(@laurenlogic), Graham - Everything Money! Legitimacy is a psychological property of an authority, institution, or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate, proper, and just. (b) show a knowledge and understanding of psychological theories, terminology, concepts, The study's findings cannot be applied to female prisons or those from other countries. Psychology; Obedience; A2/A-level; AQA; . This chapter introduces the philosophical analysis of the concept of legitimate authority. Discussion and/or application is limited, poorly focused or absent. Agency Theory is a credible theory because it is supported by Milgram's observational studies into obedience. 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Boston Spa, against a doll not a human. say why this is a problem in this particular Informal authority is based on the individual having attributes that facilitate achievement of a group Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. For example, juveniles accused of federal crimes are no longer housed before trial with adult prisoners (due to the risk of violence against them). Psychology?One to one online tuition can be a . procedures. 'Authoritative' parents feel comfortable about settings rules because they know more than their children, have more. Legitimate authority - Condition needed for P to shift to agentic state - Someone who is perceived to be in a position of social control in a situation - Many people expect a socially controlling figure in a situation - Authority comes from PERCEIVED position in social situation, NOT personal characteristics e.g. Contextualising how the topic in question relates to General criticisms and/or strengths of theories and studies. This document provides detailed A01 notes and A03 evaluation into legitimacy of authority of the social influence module, these notes are clear, and easy to follow. Obedience: Social-Psychological Factors. This refers to the amount of social power held by the person (authority figure) who gives the instruction. 6. Hide Show resource information. 4. A legitimate authority figure can be individuals or organizations such as the government, the boss at work, a police officer or as demonstrated in Milgram's study (1963) a scientist. Evaluating situational explanations of obedience - Legitimacy of Authority. Similar Psychology resources: Legitimacy of authority. Because the guards and prisoners were playing a role their behavior may not be influenced by the same factors which affect behavior in real life. Interpersonal authority Political authority. Obedience rate was much higher in this setting of legitimate authority (65%) than when the experiment was set in a run down office building (47.5%). For example, would they agree or disagree with a theory or the findings of the study? Although it does not explain Rank and Jacobson's findings, it explains cultural differences and real life applications are able to be made. Types of conformity: internalisation, identification and compliance. 1. This is linked with the uniform factor, as a uniform conveys a sense of legitimacy and authority. 1997;1 (4):323-45. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0104_4. LS23 6AD Moreover, there are ethical issues regarding Aschs study Mention deception as participants were told the study was about perception of lines. Created on: 07-11-19 08:53; 3. 0.0 / 5. For extra AO3 points link Aschs results to theories/reasons why people may conform to the majority. It also highlights how we can all be blind to obedience often doing things without question. a theory go on to describe a piece of research evidence saying, Xs study The Concept of Legitimacy in Social, Organizational, and Political Psychology Although the concept of legitimacy may be relatively new to empirical psychology, it has played an extremely prominent role in social and polit-ical philosophy for well over 2,000 years, as Zelditch recounts in the next chapter. People define the behavior that's expected of them as routine. This means that it might not be possible to generalise the finding to a real life setting, as people do not usually receive orders to hurt another person in real life. criticism must be contextualised: i.e. Legitimacy of demands or orders given. Prod 3: It is absolutely essential that you continue. Send. Company Registration Number: 8600593 To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Tag Archives for: "Legitimacy of Authority" Home Legitimacy of Authority. The experimenter is a figure of legitimate authority in an educational institution of Yale university. This is good because it improves the reliability of the study and also helps establish a causal relationship. Free Revision Crosswords for Social Psychology 9th March 2017 Explanations for Obedience -Variations of Milgram (1963) Study Notes A 8-mark "evaluate" question awards 4 marks for AO1 (Describe) and 4 marks for AO3 (Evaluate). Need help with . Explanations of resistance to social influence, including social support and locus of control. In addition Zimbardo did conduct debriefing sessions for several years afterwards and concluded they were no lasting negative effects. This raises the issue of whether its morally and/or scientifically right to use animals. This provides evidence that legitimate authority is a relevant explanation of obedience. Authority is often defined as legitimate power, and contrasted to pure power. Home; About; Student Resources. For example, one prisoner had to be released after 36 hours because of uncontrollable bursts of screaming, crying and anger. The main criterion is that benefits must outweigh costs. Company Reg no: 04489574. . tomtyler@socrates.berkeley.edu PMID: 15661667 The sample therefore lacks population validity. These questions cover: explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram Essential Revision Materials for A Level Students I consent to Psychology Hub collecting my details through this form. collectivist cultures (such as Asian countries), How To Write AQA Psychology Essays for 16 Marker Questions, How To Answer AQA Psychology Short Context Questions, How to Answer Design a Study Research Methods Questions, Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers, Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (48 marks), Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (24 marks). Another problem is that the sample was biased. Legitimacy of authority: This explanation suggests that people will obey someone they perceive to be 'above' them in the social hierarchy, and therefore think they have the right to give orders. are laboratory experiments and therefore criticisable on the grounds of lacking Authoritarianism correlated with prejudice against minority groups) but we cannot say that one variable causes another Adorno cannot claim that a harsh parenting style caused a development of an Authoritarian personality, we must consider other explanations like legitimacy of authority. What the spec says: Explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram. Dispositional explanation for obedience: the Authoritarian Personality. The traditional goal of legal authorities has been to obtain widespread public compliance with the law and legal directives. (a) demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and studies and methods. Study 2); and "The NYPD is a legitimate authority and people should obey the decisions officers make" . n. the capacity to influence others either directly or indirectly. "If an order given by a leader to a member of his group is accepted by the member and controls his activity in the group, then the order is said to carry authority" C.I Barnard Authority means the ability to control the behavior of others. We're not around right now. 214 High Street, If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Author T R Tyler 1 Affiliation 1 Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA. Obedience: social-psychological factors. If the question says 'Discuss research into obedience', then mention Milgram's . E.g. Legitimacy of authority. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. 7. Take a look at our interactive learning Note about 16 Markers for Social Influence, or enhance your knowledge by creating your own online Notes using our free cloud based Notes tool. 7 hours ago 7 hours ago . In another variation, the observation was moved from the prestigious ivy league university to a seedy office in a run-down city. Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (30 marks), Effective use of terminology (use the technical terms). Explanations for conformity: Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. Highlight the value that Milgrams work has provided to social Psychology. In this article, we are concerned with the psychology of legitimacy, that is, the issue of why people view authorities as legitimate and therefore choose to defer to them. 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