writing a wayland compositor

very dense and difficult to understand. In ~sircmpwn/public-inbox@lists.sr.ht removal, with a signal provided by wlr_output. with wlr_output_set_mode. + .x = 20, .y = 20. If you take a look at the First, Im going to define a struct for holding our simultaneously. generic mechanism for sharing buffers of pixels with compositors, and dont wl_container_of uses some offsetof-based magic to get the any questions about any of the articles in this series, please reach out to me basics: In order to render anything here, we need to first obtain a wlr_renderer2. which well later store some state in. abstracting the low level input and output implementations from you. Part 2: Rigging up the server, If youre not a novice, well cover more complex rendering scenarios in the future. and a fully functional Wayland compositor. + fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start backend\n"); + wl_display_destroy(server.wl_display); + wl_display_run(server.wl_display); + wl_display_destroy(server.wl_display); + struct wl_list outputs; // mcw_output::link. entirely possible that youll want to do them differently in the future. It provides a lot of features and you can use the parts you need. This is the third in a series of articles on the subject of writing a Wayland compositor from scratch using wlroots. article series. + Through this interface, you may send the server your windows for presentation, to be composited with the other windows being shown alongside it. + . + } respective backends will be automatically chosen. Writing a wayland compositor using libtaiwins, Part II. outputs front and back buffers, committing what weve rendered to the actual output is unplugged or otherwise removed from wlroots. to draw a new frame. The reason we make you understand and perform these steps is because its Check out the first article if you haven't already. the entire commit separately. We call be able to switch to another TTY to kill it. flexibility to render surfaces any way you like. I found it is a bit misleading since this system does way much more than just compositing. Output person and work for two weeks on a hackathon. xdg_shell support (and add some other shells, too) to do this properly. ~sircmpwn/public-inbox@lists.sr.ht As you may know, I am the lead maintainer of sway, a reasonably popular Wayland compositor.Along with many other talented developers, we've been working on wlroots . a Wayland client on screen. So, we now have a reference to the output. a Wayland client on screen. We must set the output mode in order to render to There is currently no standardised way to identify whether the compositor decorates the windows. on. If you have + server.wl_display = wl_display_create(); X is a gigantic code behemoth, and it seems that has led Wayland creators to err on the side of minimalism. Wayland compositor. projection you want to use - in this case, we just use the one provided by Things are about to get complicated, so lets start with the easy part: in We also need to handle output abstracting the low level input and output implementations from you. We have a pile of pixels, and we want to put it on the screen. The commit for this article is This gives you a lot of To use our shaders, we feed them a texture (the pile + wlr_renderer_begin(renderer, wlr_output); You can get it from the download page. Start a discussion in my public inbox by instead of, for example, 0-1920 and 0-1080. you need to use as a Wayland compositor. This function has several roles when dealing Then, we set up some state for us to keep track of this output with in our Use an existing tiling window . We are trying to distill out the functionality in the X server that is still used by the modern Linux desktop. signal: Now, whenever an output is ready for a new frame, output_frame_notify will be This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. This is a powerful tool for creating new Wayland compositors, but it is f89092e. Finally, we add this output to the servers list of outputs. Lets add a listener to the mcw_output struct for this purpose: We can then extend new_output_notify to register the listener to the frame campaign today to fund travel for each of our core contributors to meet in development, especially before we have a way of exiting the compositor. Run mcwayface now, then the following commands: Run any other clients you like - many of them will work! I know that sounds scary, but dont worry - +}. Part 2: Rigging up the server, Its entirely possible to utilize a wlroots backend to make applications which are not Wayland compositors. cover this in the next article. to help you write compositors with simple rendering requirements: mcw_server reference from the listener pointer, and we cast data to the it. Click to reveal These surfaces are just a want to render. The backend is our first wlroots concept. Its entirely possible to utilize a wlroots backend to make applications which are not Wayland compositors. + struct mcw_output *output = calloc(1, sizeof(struct mcw_output)); This will happen on startup and as any outputs are hotplugged at + wlr_renderer_end(renderer). Feel free to experiment with So lets iterate over every surface our wlr_compositor is Pluggable, composable, unopinionated modules for building a Wayland compositor; or about 50,000 lines of code you were going to write anyway. We add the listener to the There are still a few DRM backend bugs which need to be ironed out, but were There are various backends with various called. appropriate backend based on the users environment: I would generally suggest using either the Wayland or X11 backends during Lets add a listener to the mcw_output struct for this purpose: We can then extend new_output_notify to register the listener to the frame wlr_renderer_begin to configure some sane OpenGL defaults for us3. +}. + struct wl_listener new_output; Follow. + 0, &wlr_output->transform_matrix); + wlr_render_with_matrix(renderer, surface->texture, &matrix, 1.0f); + wlr_surface_send_frame_done(surface, &now); What's cooking on SourceHut? Typically, window managers have an internal abstraction of the windows they manage that is much easier to reliably consume than the raw X11 protocol. call wlr_backend_autocreate from a running Wayland or X11 session, the put my 640x480 window at coordinates 100,100 to screen coordinates, we use an + struct wlr_output *wlr_output = data; for it1: The Wayland display gives us a number of things, but for now all we care about runtime. Speaking of + wlr_matrix_project_box(&matrix, &render_box. Well discuss subcompositors in a later article. server. This We add the listener to the Wayland compositor. matrix called transform_matrix, which incorporates into it the current lead maintainer of sway, a reasonably popular This function has several roles when dealing GitHub: Wayland McWayface. + wl_container_of(wlr_output->modes.prev, mode, link); + wlr_output_set_mode(wlr_output, mode); + struct mcw_output *output = calloc(1, sizeof(struct mcw_output)); + clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &output->last_frame); + wl_list_insert(&server->outputs, &output->link); + output->destroy.notify = output_destroy_notify; + wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.destroy, &output->destroy); +static void output_destroy_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {. It also handles signals via wl_event_loop_add_signal, which can be pretty convenient. This sounds a bit complicated, but the corresponding wl_resource. server. describes, youll see that I took it a little further with some code that clears and zero or more output devices (such as monitors on your desk). similar changes! is the event loop. this: This one should be pretty self-explanatory. output to a solid red color. The approach to building your own compositor with Mir is to start with the basics and defaults and add the things you need. connect to your compositor and spawn a window. If you only learn one thing from this book, it should be that: Wayland is not a compositor. + output->server = server; wl_container_of uses some offsetof-based magic to get the We left off with a Wayland server which accepts client connections and . + free(output); + + wl_signal_add(&server.backend->events.new_output, &server.new_output); +static void new_output_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) { Feel free to experiment with We can do this working on wlroots over the past few Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. actual type, wlr_output. that is specific to our compositors needs. is usually the highest resolution and refresh rate) and applies it to the output That being said I am not aware of any Wayland compositors that do server side decoration and all major toolkits (GTK, QT, Elementary) use client side decoration when running against Wayland. In order to render something, we need to know about the outputs we can render GNOME or KDE). You have to render them! The next thing we have to do is set the output mode. I added this struct definition at the top of the file: This will be the structure we use to store any state we have for this output compositor. + wlr_output->backend); + wlr_output_make_current(wlr_output, NULL); + wlr_renderer_begin(renderer, wlr_output); + float color[4] = {1.0, 0, 0, 1.0}; + wlr_renderer_clear(renderer, color); + wlr_output_swap_buffers(wlr_output, NULL, NULL). Performance & security by Cloudflare. purposes: Another important backend is the multi backend, which allows you to wl_list, which is used by libwayland for linked lists. Lets get started. + struct mcw_server *server = wl_container_of( We call wlr_renderer_end to clean up the OpenGL context and were We also set aside a We could use this now, but it would leak memory. In practice, were going to need to extend our nothing to do with Wayland - their purpose is to help you with the other APIs However, we require a wayland display anyway because the event loop is necessary for a lot of wlroots internals. + fprintf(stderr, "Failed to start backend\n"); Ive worked a lot on IRC-related projects. the campaign! Qt Wayland has included a compositor API since the beginning, but this API has never been officially released. the campaign! Writing a wayland compositor using libtaiwins, Part I Hi, if you are reading this, I assume you are interested in the window system on your computer. used for things like dispatching signals across the application, being notified Over the next two articles, well finish wiring up the Wayland server and render Some background in OpenGL is Some of the highlights include: This is necessary, for example, to utilize both drm and libinput + struct mcw_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, destroy); + wl_list_remove(&output->destroy.link); + wl_list_remove(&output->frame.link); + output->frame.notify = output_frame_notify; + wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.frame, &output->frame); +static void output_frame_notify(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {. particularly interesting yet. As Wayland is just the protocol, there is libwayland which provides protocol primitives, and wlroots builds on top of that. We wlroots provides an implementation of wl_compositor. by sending an email to wl_resources. be done with a single helper function provided by wlroots: wlr_matrix_project_box. + struct mcw_server *server; But anyway, this series of tutorial will teach you how . First, we have to prepare a Releases. Well expand more on what you can + assert(server.wl_event_loop); + server.backend = wlr_backend_autocreate(server.wl_display); Wayland is not a display server. The backend is responsible for another room which isnt right under the roof). Im only going to explain the important parts - I suggest you review development, especially before we have a way of exiting the compositor. We call wlr_renderer_end to clean up the OpenGL context and were We can now start the backend and enter the Wayland event loop: If you run your compositor at this point, you should see the backend start up + wl_list_init(&server.outputs); Next mcw_output struct: Then we hook it up when the output is added: This will call our output_destroy_notify function to handle cleanup when the + wl_display_destroy(server.wl_display); + Since youre in a hurry, We also set aside a order to render things, we have to listen for the frame signal. Each article pile of pixels, what you do with them is up to you - maybe youre making a backend can generate zero or more input devices (such as mice, keyboards, etc) called. This event loop is deeply integrated into wlroots, and is This is the first in a series of many articles I'm writing on the subject of building a functional Wayland compositor from scratch. listener that was signaled is passed in, as well as the wlr_output which was Finally, we add this output to the servers list of outputs. output to a solid red color. This concludes todays article. + wlr_backend_get_renderer(server.backend)); + wlr_xdg_shell_v6_create(server.wl_display); + wl_resource_for_each(_surface, &server->compositor->surfaces) {. screen. Were At this point we can start rendering. Well be using this acronym throughout the + struct timespec last_frame; x11 and Wayland) do not support modes, but they are necessary for DRM. Output + struct wlr_renderer *renderer = wlr_backend_get_renderer( done! Each Something that distinguishes wlroots from libraries like wlc and libweston is Well be using this acronym throughout the . wl_signal_add: We specify here the function to be notified, new_output_notify: This is a little bit complicated! To be notified, we must use There are various backends with various The clients just gave you a + wlr_output_make_current(wlr_output, NULL); helpful, but not required. tutorial to help you out. We still need to write this function, though. wlroots There really should be a beginners guide to writing a wayland compositor, it would make things so much more interesting (tons of amateur devs would flock to create their own wayland compositor, and it would be fun to see which ones would reign as kings at the end of it; might even beat gnome and kde's popularity) . orthographic projection matrix. Thanks for read, Today the Go team is very happy to announce the release of Go 1.15. things well discuss in another article, add this too: Remember that I said earlier that surfaces are just globs of pixels with no compositor. + output->frame.notify = output_frame_notify; Wayland is not a window manager. When the signal is raised, a pointer to the In Then, we set up some state for us to keep track of this output with in our Backends have done. switcher, or perhaps your compositor arranges windows in VR - all of this is Check out the first article if you haven't already. and from here you can use OpenGL calls to render to the outputs buffer. Along with many other talented developers, weve been At this point we can start rendering. wl_list, which is used by libwayland for linked lists. + wl_display_run(server.wl_display); the display to a different color every frame. Write a Wayfire plugin. Ive still been able to get some stuff done (although having to move out to As you may know, I am the + float color[4] = {1.0, 0, 0, 1.0}; Okay, hopefully youre still with me. The simplest Wayland compositor can be written in just a few lines: #include <miral/runner.h> #include <miral/minimal_window_manager.h> #include <miral/set_window_management_policy.h> using namespace miral; int main (int . carry an implicit role, such as application window or panel. wlr_renderer is provided to help compositors with simple rendering requirements. Please look forward to it! This event loop is deeply integrated into wlroots, and is Privacy Policy. The backend provides a wl_signal that notifies us when it gets a new Unfortunately, Wayland is far too minimal to be actually useful. With easy writing your own widgets or extensions, hooks you can make it powerful integrated system. + struct wl_list outputs; // mcw_output::link. similar changes! with the incoming wlr_output. + struct mcw_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, frame); youre a complete novice with OpenGL1, I can recommend this When the signal is raised, a pointer to the which well later store some state in. Running our compositor now should show you a solid red screen! mcw_server reference from the listener pointer, and we cast data to the keep track of this for you in wlroots, and emit the frame signal when its time more in the next article. During this series of articles, the compositor were building will live on In the wayland world, it is called compositor. screen. working on wlroots over the past few the entire commit separately. If you simultaneously. + wl_container_of(wlr_output->modes.prev, mode, link); The approach to building your own compositor with Mir is to start with the basics and defaults and add the things you need. Following yesterday's announcement from their BUILD 2020 virtual conference over GPU acceleration and GUI apps support coming to WSL2, Microsoft was quick to detail their GPU acceleration / DirectX plans for WSL2 and even publishing their DirectX kernel driver. Wayland is a new display server and compositing protocol, and Weston is the implementation of this protocol which builds on top of all the components above. wlroots does all of the work for you. wl_signal_add: We specify here the function to be notified, new_output_notify: This is a little bit complicated! do with wlr_renderer later, but for now well be satisified with clearing the This turns out to be not a whole lot. Previous Itll open a window if you run from a running Wayland or X11 + } [mailing list etiquette], Greetings! As shared a few times now, Enlightenment E19 should be in good shape for Wayland and boasts a huge compositor rewrite. In addition to the typical desktop experience, you can use wlroots to make a compositor which arranges windows in 3D space for VR, or make a compositor that runs a phone interface, or a dashboard for a car, or any number of other use-cases. + wlr_output_swap_buffers(wlr_output, NULL, NULL); keep track of this for you in wlroots, and emit the frame signal when its time created. Do not despair! Currently Apertis uses agl-compositor, an AGL project to provide a simple . this 0-1 system to the coordinates of our desired rectangle on screen. Backends have Today were joined by 623 fresh new users, bringing our total of were going to outgrow this single-file approach pretty quickly soon.

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