why was minimalism music created

The meaning of life doesn't depend on how many things you have and not on how much anxiety you have, but how much compassion you have for other people. In Minimalist music, the traditional treatment of form and development was rejected in favour of explorations of timbre and rhythmmusical elements largely unfamiliar to Western listeners. I dont think you can be a great composer unless you have a feeling for harmony.John Adams, Though John Adams is often called a minimalist or postminimalist composer, he tends to call himself a poststyle composer. COCO CHANEL and Serge Lifar, 1937: After the first World War, when the physically active lifestyle of women . It is unclear where the term minimal music originates. In a civilized society, things dont need to be said more than three times. 7 consistsof two notes marked to be held a long time, and The Tortoise: His Dreams and Journeys (1964) has instrumentalists and singers come in and out on different harmonics over a synthesizer drone. [46] One group who clearly did have an awareness of the American minimal tradition is the British ambient act The Orb. People also ask, Why was minimalism music created? Leonard B. Meyer described minimal music in 1994: Because there is little sense of goal-directed motion, [minimal] music does not seem to move from one place to another. He expanded his new conceptof opera in Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984) and continues to write new operas regularly. It is characterized by limited, monotone colours and hard edges. Photo 1 by Ana Cuba. In 1962 the first English-language book about the Russian avant-garde, Camilla Gray's The Great Experiment in Art: 1863-1922, was published. In his seminal 1967 piece Piano Phase, Reich began to apply these techniques to instruments. In the UK, ambient house and techno swelled up to meet this demand. By the end of Johann Sebastian Bach's lifetime, Baroque music had become so complex that it literally broke down and ushered in the Classical era of music with its well structured forms. "[41] The development of specific experimental rock genres such as krautrock, space rock (from the 1980s), noise rock, and post-rock was influenced by minimal music. Carter has even criticised the use of repetition in the music of Edgard Varse and Charles Ives, stating that "I cannot understand the popularity of that kind of music, which is based on repetition. It fomented not in the conservatories of Europe but in the louche lofts and art spaces of New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, at the hands of four American composers LaMonte Young, Philip Glass, Terry Riley and Steve Reich. 3. This is why minimalism is essential to doing more of what matters; it minimizes distractions. They turned for inspiration to the impassive, quiet works of Barnett Newman and Ad Reinhardt, exponents of the colour-field branch of Abstract Expressionist painting. If we had decided to move into a house rather than traveling in an RV, we would have bought into a lower-priced housing market. Inspired by Reichs idea of music as system, the tape delay experiments of Riley, and the melodic sonority of Glass, Eno would create his own ambient music, a conceptual extension of minimalism that placed emphasis on process and the atmospheric nature of sound a drift away from narrative and towards landscape, from performed event to sonic space. He describes "minimalism": The idea of minimalism is much larger than many people realize. 3.) "Minimalism: T (1992)". The lineage and legacy of minimalism was more visible than ever. However, minimalism hasn't helped. His music for films has been exceptional, and like Reich, he formed his own performing ensemble, creating a new model for how contemporary composers might bring their music to the public. Other characteristics include repetition, balance, simplicity, and silence. In C was a marked rejoinder to the academic complexities of Schoenberg and serialism, a sequence of simple music patterns offset in time to create a kind of undulating ambient sound. Although modern minimalist music often . Minimalism, then, comes up as a response to the complex type of composition and production that was once the norm. By the 1980s, Reichs music was no longer purely minimalist, as he began to create large-scale works that had real emotional content. Answer (1 of 2): Philip Glass himself has said he doesn't like being labelled as a minimalist, and has suggested the term "repetitionist". The approach is marked by a non-narrative, non-teleological, and non-representational approach, and calls attention to the activity of listening by focusing on the internal processes of the music.[4]. The music of Reich and Glass drew early sponsorship from art galleries and museums, presented in conjunction with visual-art minimalists like Robert Morris (in Glass's case), and Richard Serra, Bruce Nauman, and the filmmaker Michael Snow (as performers, in Reich's case). Philip Glass believes Tom Johnson coined the phrase. 1995. Minimal music is an aesthetic, a style, or a technique of music associated with the work of American composers La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass. A few years later, taking inspiration from both Kraftwerk and post-punk essentialism, the likes of Cabaret Voltaire, The Human League and John Foxx would create their own brand of stark, minimalist electro-pop. The first movement, the work's most well-known, makes its musical mark through repetitive phrases, consonant harmonies, and sustained tones. Minimalism in music has been around for a long time and while it's new to pop, the reasons why it's loved by so many are well understood. It is not. The piece breaks down the distinction between amateur and professional, and it has become an icon of early minimalism that continues to be performed widely today. Stress and anxiety are hands down the top reasons why people become minimalists. [38], Minimal music has had some influence on developments in popular music. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In Gann's further analysis, during the 1980s minimalism evolved into less strict, more complex styles such as postminimalism and totalism, breaking out of the strongly framed repetition and stasis of early minimalism, and enriching it with a confluence of other rhythmic and structural influences. However, after the second summer of love dance music became newly preoccupied with big vocals, old-fashioned musicality, undue fuss. He was also an influential teacher; among his most significant pupils were . It was a direct rejection of the 19th centurys idea of Darwinian progress that had been at the core of modernism. Bands like Wire, Throbbing Gristle and particularly Joy Division (aided by the cavernous, dub-savvy production of Martin Hannett), made music that was sparse and spatially aware. Terms like "minimalism" or "impressionism" are generally not coined by composers, but by music critics who are observing general trends in music. [25], According to Richard E. Rodda, "'Minimalist' music is based upon the repetition of slowly changing common chords [chords that are diatonic to more than one key, or else triads, either just major, or major and minorsee: common tone] in steady rhythms, often overlaid with a lyrical melody in long, arching phrases[It] utilizes repetitive melodic patterns, consonant harmonies, motoric rhythms, and a deliberate striving for aural beauty. In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in post-World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. In music in particular, minimalism was the single most important idea of the last century, the one that made possible virtually all that we now listen to and hold dear, from punk and techno to ambient and grime. Minimalism is something we take for granted. They quickly slip out of sync; gradually the discrepancy widens and becomes a reverberation. Famous pieces that use this technique are the number section of Glass' Einstein on the Beach, Reich's tape-loop pieces Come Out and It's Gonna Rain, and Adams' Shaker Loops. More Time Minimalists spend less time cleaning, less time deciding what to wear, less time shopping, less time looking for lost itemsand honestly? In addition, critics have often overstated the simplicity of even early minimalism. Minimal compositions that rely heavily on process techniques that follow strict rules are usually described using the term process music. The music created in the minimalist period was unlike any music created in previous . As you'll discover as you read, the minimalist aesthetic has diverse meanings for different composers. Works like Robert Morris 1965 Untitled (3Ls) consisting of three fiberglass L beams of the same size strategically and theatrically placed on the floor of a museum and Carl Andres 1966 sculpture Equivalent VIII consisting of 120 firebricks were designed to eradicate all traces of the artist by using everyday industrial materials and simple geometric forms. It includes pieces that permit all possible pitches, as long as they fall between C and D. It includes pieces that slow the tempo down to two or three notes per minute.[14]. Phase Music A quasi-improvisatory piece based on a list of motifs, it works in classic early minimalist fashion with repetition, complete tonal harmony, and an incredibly slow pace of change. Despite having produced the most publicly popular new works of the last third of the 20th century, minimalism remains controversial, damned in academic and intellectual circles. The first half of the 20th century had seen classical music back itself into a corner. Influenced by Indian music, his 1968 pieces 1+1 and Two Pages employ additive processes. The most prominent minimalist composers are John Adams, Louis Andriessen, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, Terry Riley, and La Monte Young. It eventually generated various offshoot movements often lumped under the label of postminimalism, but minimalisms fundamental impulse of less is more continues to influence contemporary art to this day. By Jennifer McCartney. Strickland, Edward. Musically, it could easily be considered the common musical language of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Ten reasons why The Minimalists are annoying 1. The simple materials, audible process, steady pulse, and slow change of harmony are classically minimalist, but the resulting multilayered texture is complex and magical. Bernard, Jonathan W. 1993. The idea of cutting back to the core essence of somethingthe idea that less is more has become influential everywhere. Muhly will explore the Glass archive in a performance inStanford Live's 202021 season. Dub was minimalism in action: it was all about space, and the interaction of small sonic elements, with tracks reduced to their essence of drums and seismic bass, and additional sounds looped and phased and echoed around them ad infinitum. . [22], One of the first minimalist compositions was November by Dennis Johnson, written in 1959. They recognized the role their excess stuff has played in increasing their anxiety and decided to do something about it. Tom Johnson, one of the few composers to self-identify as minimalist, also claims to have been first to use the word as new music critic for The Village Voice. [16] Others who have been associated with this compositional approach include Gavin Bryars, Michael Nyman, Michael Parsons, Howard Skempton, Dave Smith, and John White. They say if your song sounds great with simple accompaniment, you're onto something. The original acid house records were stripped to the bone, and the very basis of house and techno music repetitive bass and drums was definitively minimalist. Minimalism wasnt just a movement, it was a paradigm shift: it brought about a sea change in the way that sound is made, heard and thought of. And why does it matter? Over time, musical forms become more complex and eventually reach a point where they collapse upon themselves. The two voices then split into four, looped continuously, then eight, and so on, until the actual words are unintelligible, deconstructed into tiny rhythmic and tonal patterns. In many ways, minimal music can be . Table of Contents [ Show] The early compositions of Glass and Reich are somewhat austere, with little embellishment on the principal theme. Over the course of the 80s American DJs and musicians like Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaata and Juan Atkins noticed how curiously funky the Dusseldorf bands stiff riffs and rigid rhythms were, and used them as the building blocks for the earliest hip-hop, electro and techno records. In 1987 he stated that his compositional output reflected the popular culture of postwar American consumer society because the "elite European-style serial music" was simply not representative of his cultural experience. Terry Riley and his son Gyan Riley performed in the Bing Studio in October 2019. Composers such as Glass or Terry . I want to get lean and mean, keep it minimalist.John Cale, founding member of the Velvet Underground, You dont really need much. Michael Nelson. We always wanted to explore more, have more free time, flexibility, and less stress. Nyman later expanded his definition of minimalism in music in his 1974 book Experimental Music: Cage and Beyond. The note row is a series of intervals that uses all 12 notes of the chromatic scale (hence the name 12 tone music) in an order chosen by the composer. Young added very little to this texture and virtually eliminated variation as a developmental technique. Working as producer and collaborator with Bowie, and later U2, Eno would translate minimalist technique into widescreen pop success. I have my own definition of minimalism, which is that which is created with a minimum of means.La Monte Young, Essentially my contribution was to introduce repetition into Western music as the main ingredient without any melody over it, without anything, just repeated patterns, musical patterns.Terry Riley. Though "minimal", it wasn't as easy to get right as it might sound. The effect was astonishing. Arvo Prt: Fr Alina (1976) Arvo Prt is an Estonian minimalist composer who invented the 'tintinnabulum' style of music - 'tintinnabuli' meaning 'bell-like'. Already in 1965 the art historian Barabara Rose had named La Monte Youngs Dream Music, Morton Feldmans characteristically soft dynamics, and various unnamed composers all, to a greater or lesser degree, indebted to John Cage as examples of minimal art,but did not specifically use the expression minimal music.. Minimalism, chiefly American movement in the visual arts and music originating in New York City in the late 1960s and characterized by extreme simplicity of form and a literal, objective approach. Prominent features of the technique includeconsonant harmony, steady pulse (if not immobile drones), stasis or gradual transformation, and often reiteration of musical phrases or smaller units such as figures, motifs, and cells. It may include features such as phase shifting, resulting in what is termed phase . Minimalist music started out as a classical movement, but it's important to note that since the 60s, it's been incorporated into genres of popular music. The piece begins with both players clapping a basic rhythm in unison. Like Eno, these visionary producers treated their studio mixing desks as instruments and deployed all kinds of painstaking tape-loop effects to create dub versions of vocal reggae tracks. Since minimalism art focuses on the use of simple and clear language using simple lines and pure colors. He created one of the most beautiful minimalist portfolio websites to showcase his work and promote himself. A work for solo piano that lasted around six hours, it demonstrated many features that would come to be associated with minimalism, such as diatonic tonality, phrase repetition, additive process, and duration. The piece continues the process (hence the term process music, which is often used to describe minimalist compositions) until the second player has finally shifted all 12 eighth notes of the pattern and is back in unison with player one. Why did minimalist music develop? Where classical music traditionally focused on the development of motifs and harmony, for example, minimalist music frequently focuses on long-term rhythmic development. avant-garde. In 1964, Riley's In C made persuasively engaging textures from the layered performance of repeated melodic phrases. "You'll fill it up," people warned us. Running is one of the two natural modes of locomotion for humans; the other being walking. Germany had a huge role to play in the evolution and dissemination of minimalism, with Can and especially Neu! His 1967 piece Come Out superimposes tape loops of a single spoken phrase, Come out to show them. Because one loop is slightly shorter than the other, it gradually moves ahead, out of sync, in a technique called phasing. The Marie Kondo cult is ruining you, says the author of the bestselling The Joy of Leaving Your Sh-t All Over the Place. A year later Reich unveiled his own first major work, Its Gonna Rain, based around recordings of a sermon about the end of the world given by a black Pentecostal street-preacher. "Reconstructing November". Though often labeled the quintessential minimalist composer, Philip Glass prefers to describe himself as a composer of music with repetitive structures. Like Reich, Glass began experimenting with minimalist techniques in the 1960s. Schnberger, Elmer. Terry Rileys In C from 1964 is probably the first famous piece of minimalist music. Terry Rileys 1964 composition In C is often cited as the first minimalist work in music, and as a student in California, Reich was involved in its premiere. The father of minimalist music is arguably Terry Riley, whose 1964 composition In C is generally considered the first work of musical minimalism. However, two of these definitions of minimalismaesthetic and styleno longer accurately represent the music that is often given that label." This is largely because of the elasticity of the concept of "less is more" and the ability to apply it to lifestyle, art, fashion, architecture, literature, music and home decor. Minimalism - The Art Movement | Why Minimalism is a Better Way of Life?Minimalism has become a popular practice in recent years. Many of todays composers, like Caroline Shaw, Nico Muhly, Michael Gordon, and Julia Wolfe, weave minimalist techniques into their music in strikingly individual ways, and minimalism has even made its way into the sacred-style music of European composers like Arvo Prt and John Tavener. That's lethal to creativity. While some countries have been hit harder than others,. Minimalism is a movement in various forms of art and design, typically visual art and music. I'll tell you why it matters. In a musical context that means that the music is not progressing toward a clear conclusion. #Chance #Music or #Aleatoric Music is music where some element of the music is left to chance. ", Warburton, Dan. [36] Parallels include the advent of the simple Baroque continuo style following elaborate Renaissance polyphony and the simple early classical symphony following Bach's monumental advances in Baroque counterpoint. Here are a few reasons as to why Minimalism is a positive philosophy: Minimalism can help you save money If you're a minimalist, you won't spend as much money as you did in clutter. It includes, by definition, any music that works with limited or minimal materials: pieces that use only a few notes, pieces that use only a few words of text, or pieces written for very limited instruments, such as antique cymbals, bicycle wheels, or whiskey glasses. Michael Nyman has pointed out that much of the charm of Steve Reich's early music had to do with perceptual phenomena that were not actually played, but resulted from subtleties in the phase-shifting process. In serial music, the series itself is seldom audible. In Glass's case, these ensembles comprise organs, windsparticularly saxophonesand vocalists, while Reich's works have more emphasis on mallet and percussion instruments. The truth is, we wanted to do those things. Much of the music technology used in dance music has traditionally been designed to suit loop-based compositional methods, which may explain why certain stylistic features of styles such as minimal techno sound similar to minimal art music. 1. Minimalism and early abstraction. Johnson disagrees with Rodda, however, in finding that minimal music's most distinctive feature is the complete absence of extended melodic lines. A look inside the greats of the minimalism arts movement, A shape, a volume, a color, a surface is something itself. "Let X = X: Minimalism vs. Minimal music was created in order to further challenge the norms of music and the precedent that music is only good if it's sweeping, dramatic, and complex. Without all of the clutter . There is a research study in which UCLA linked a high level of cortisol, the stress hormone, in people with a higher density of household items. It includes pieces that move in endless circles. What is being minimalist? Like minimalism in art, minimalism in music came of age in the 1960s as a reaction against the extraordinary complexity, density, and difficulty of the modernist music of composers like Pierre Boulez, Milton Babbitt, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Elliott Carter. The music of Reich and Glass drew early sponsorship from art galleries and museums, presented in conjunction with visual-art minimalists like Robert Morris (in Glasss case), andRichard Serra, Bruce Nauman, and the filmmaker Michael Snow (as performers, in Reichs case). 22 Strickland, Edward, the series itself is seldom audible that had emotional. Teacher ; among his most significant pupils were third, it can help to the! 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