Besides being a locally common breeder in upland terrain in the northern half of Iberia, a large part of the European breeding population passes through the peninsula in autumn. Of the three authors, MR has been recording Ortolan Bunting calls for longest, after developing a passion for sound identification of passing migrants while living in the Netherlands in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Possible confusion species for this call-type include Tree Pipit A trivialis, Dunnock and Yellowhammer. Tup and tslew calls of a nocturnal migrant. However, a very similar call is common during the breeding season in situations where the nest or brood is under threat. In 2009, MR moved to Portugal, where he was disappointed to find that passerine migration observable by day was on a smaller scale than in the Netherlands. This bird is often used in Christian artwork and literature to represent these concepts. Factors underlying the decline are largely unknown but at least habitat deterioration at the breeding, stop-over and wintering grounds play are most likely important drivers of the decline. It is impossible to say whether, in terms of nocturnal migration, 2016 was an exceptional year for Ortolan Buntings in Dorset. As we showed, nocturnal and diurnal versions of these calls do not differ. 1) & 2) & 4) Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 08:21 & 08:24 & 08:26, 17 September 2008 (Magnus Robb) 3) Breskens, Zeeland, Netherlands, 08:02, 13 May 2007 (Magnus Robb) 5) Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 10:23, 10 September 2010 (Magnus Robb) 6) Vedi, Ararat, Armenia, 15:37, 14 May 2011 (Magnus Robb). Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Baro de So Joo, Lagos, Portugal, 21:14, 5 October 2009 (Magnus Robb). Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, Netherlands, 09:46, 10 September 2006. It was spotted at Kenjar Coastal Karnataka, India, in November 2018 and photographed by Birdwatchers. SUMMARY. They prefer forest edges and thickets of bushes among the fields. Ortolan Bunting on The IUCN Red List site -. The chicks hatch blind, helpless, and are fed and brooded by both parents. The ortolan, also called ortolan bunting, is a bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a passerine family now separated by most modern scholars from the finches, Fringillidae. Six variations of tsrp calls recorded during the day. In this area 12 dialect classes were found . When we only hear one of the other three common nocturnal call-types, we have to be more cautious, considering the possibility of confusion with several other species that occur regularly as nocturnal migrants. Share to Twitter. What all plik calls have in common is their short duration and narrow frequency range, making the call sound to human ears as if it has a single pitch, not rising or falling. To his surprise, however, at 04:38 on 10 September he recorded another giving one plik and one tew call. Traditionally diners cover their heads with their napkin, or a towel, while eating the delicacy. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 23:12, 3 October 2009 (Magnus Robb). Bruderer, B 1971. However, sometimes pairs may nest together. The English ortolan is derived from Middle French . Hunting, capturing and dining on ortolans has been banned in France since 1999 but there are still many consumed in private. [15] This use of the towel was begun by a priest, a friend of Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin. The ortolan (Emberiza hortulana), also called ortolan bunting, is a Eurasian bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a passerine family now separated by most modern scholars from the finches, Fringillidae. Up to October 2016, MR has retained 106 recordings of Ortolan in nocturnal migration, most of them over his house in Cabriz, Sintra, but also at various other sites. According to Hannibal Lecter, "the ortolan bunting is considered a rare but debauched delicacy. About 300,000 of the birds pass through southwestern . These tiny birdscaptured alive, force-fed, then drowned in Armagnacwere roasted whole and eaten that way, bones and all, while the diner draped his head with a linen napkin to preserve the precious aromas and, some believe, to hide from God. The specific hortulana is from the Italian name for this bird, ortolana. Start eating. Many migrants that passed in the autumn are known to take a more easterly route through Spain when returning to their breeding grounds, and very few long distant land migrants have good reason to pass over the Portuguese west coast in spring. Portland has always been one of the best places in England to see Ortolan Bunting, and 2016 was a good year. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 08:21, 17 September 2008 (Magnus Robb). Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Stoborough, Dorset, England, 01:03, 31 August 2016 (Nick Hopper). He soon added species such as Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus, Eurasian Coot Fulica atra and Water Rail Rallus aquaticus to the garden list, and after only three attempts struck gold when a Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus flew over the house. Washington (AFP) - Every year, nearly five million breeding pairs of ortolan buntings -- a type of tiny songbird classified as endangered in several countries -- migrate from Europe to Africa for the winter. 1) IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, Netherlands, 17 September 2003 (Magnus Robb) 2) Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 08:24, 17 September 2008 (Magnus Robb) 3) Cabo Espichel, Setbal, Portugal, 09:24, 11 October 2010 (Magnus Robb) 4) Chokpak, South Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, 2 May 2000 (Magnus Robb) 5) Soguksu, Kzlcahamam, Turkey, 8 May 2001 (Magnus Robb) 6) Dadia, Evros, Greece, 2 May 2002 (Magnus Robb). Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Portland Bill, Dorset, England, 19 September 2016 (Martin Cade). In 2016, PM decided to move his nocturnal listening station away to a site within Poole Harbour. The led France to ban selling ortolan. Despite the legal action, protection by numerous laws has not been enough to stay the hungry, and ortolan can still be found and purchased in various black markets around the world. Calls of a migrant at dawn, at first perched then flying off. In this example, the clearest call also coincides with a distant dogs bark. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana. The whole call fits within a fairly narrow frequency range, typically centred around 5 kHz. It is more difficult to find them foraging during the day but when MR did, he recorded them extensively, as a way of checking that the birds seen less well during migration flights had been correctly identified. The beautiful little birds migrate from Europe to Africa every year, but each. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana. The English ortolan is derived from Middle French . A medley of calls from a nocturnal migrant, starting with avin call. This is a very low-pitched whistle reminiscent of a bullfinch Pyrrhula. Below it is a sonagram and corresponding sound file showing six variations of this call type recorded at night. Sequence of plik calls from a passing nocturnal migrant. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana. In eastern Europe, there are several other species of bunting that deliver their flight calls in a similar medley style. Recording of Ortolan Bunting by Volker Arnold (Xeno-Canto.org) One of the sources of audio recording of the Ortolan Bunting bird was recorded by Volker Arnold and sourced via the website. On the night of 30-31 August NH recorded two more Ortolans, this time at Stoborough. MR knows of just two such sites in southern Portugal. The traditional methods of consumption may seem unnecessarily garish or macabre, and the preparation can be seen as downright cruel, which has led to a good deal of controversy about the ethics of serving and eating ortolan, per CNBC. This was partly to begin a study of night migration within the harbour area for the charity he runs called Birds of Poole Harbour, but also to allow him to place the listening station on a more prominent migration route. These conditions together with the date were perfect for a strong audible passage of Tree Pipits Anthus trivialis, and the nights total came to an incredible 1372 calls (with double and triple calls counted as one). 1394 foreground recordings and 137 background recordings of Emberiza hortulana . Custom dictates that the diner eats the bird while wearing a napkin over their head; this, it is said, is to ensure the rich aromas do not escape while the gourmand chews the bird, bones and all, a process that lasts for several minutes. Click on the name of each call to read about it in detail, listen to both day time and night time examples, and also to other species that sound similar. Share to Linkedin. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Portland Bill, Dorset, England, 22:44, 5 September 2016 (Nick Hopper). The ortolan (Emberiza hortulana), also called ortolan bunting, is a Eurasian bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a passerine family now separated by most modern scholars from the finches, Fringillidae.The genus name Emberiza is from Alemannic German Embritz, a bunting.The specific hortulana is from the Italian name for this bird, ortolana. According to Luxury Academy, ortolan, thanks in large part to the dish's popularity, is an endangered species, having been hunted to dangerously low levels in the past. Being drawn to this majestic animal may signify that you're being called to a higher purpose. In a dialect region there is only little variation in song. The calls are delivered as a medley of different types, often at fairly regular intervals. Ortolan buntings inhabit an open landscape with trees, sparse shrubs, and not very dense grassy vegetation. You are free: to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix - to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana) is an endangered species of open farmland landscapes. BH15 1HJ We import the recordings into a software program that produces a sonagram: a visual image of the recording. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 08:21, 17 September 2008 (Magnus Robb). This late August wave coincided with the first visual records for the autumn at coastal sites such as Portland Bill and Hengistbury Head, as well as other sites on the south coast. Some claim it is to retain the maximum aroma with the flavour as they consume the entire bird at once, others have stated "Tradition dictates that this is to shield from Gods eyes the shame of such a decadent and disgraceful act",[13] and others have suggested the towel simply hides the consumers spitting out bones. When MR started, he sound recorded most of the calls he was hearing, something that virtually nobody else was doing at the time. The U.S. followed suit and it is banned in the U.S. The nest is built from dry stems and leaves of cereals, thin roots, occasionally dry leaves. The conservation status for this species is "not assessed' in the UK because it occurs as a rare migrant, and is not globally threatened. All are regular nocturnal migrants. Diet Herbivore, Granivore, Carnivore, Insectivores Mating Habits REPRODUCTION SEASON mid-April to early June INCUBATION PERIOD 11-12 eggs BABY NAME chick BABY CARRYING Flight calls of migratory birds. Tsrp is the last of the calls commonly heard both by day and night. In late August 2016, when the news first emerged that we had sound recorded multiple Ortolan Buntings flying at night over Dorset, sceptics wondered whether this was all down to one or two birds flying circuits, and being responsible for multiple detections. These were recorded by day, but by night there can be a very real danger of misidentification. It is an uncommon vagrant in spring, and particularly autumn, to the British Isles. The bill, feet and legs were a clear reddish-brown. Prior to 2016, NH chose to record only on nights with no or little cloud cover, since he was concerned that the expensive recording equipment might not be waterproof. Of interest, the corresponding calls given by Ortolan Buntings closer relatives species that give similar medleys of calls are subtly different. We have found that nights with heavy cloud cover and even intermittent light rain often give the best results, presumably because birds are forced down to a more audible altitude. [3], The ortolan is served in French cuisine, typically cooked and eaten whole. This soon became a new obsession when he realised that surprising numbers of Ortolan Buntings were flying over his house on early autumn nights. The song of the male ortolan . How is it prepared? Our all-night sound recording of nocturnal migration has started to paint quite a different picture. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Poole Old Town, Dorset, England, 03:08, 25 August 2016 (Paul Morton). The specific hortulana is from the Italian name for this bird, ortolana. Curiously, we have never recorded it at night. At Old Town Poole this seems extremely unlikely because of the habitat an urban centre and besides, all recordings were separated by at least 97 minutes. They are active during the day spending most of their time foraging. Tsrp calls are so varied in shape that future studies may show this type to be several. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana. Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs De Nolle, Zeeland, Netherlands, 11:30, 8 November 2011 (Magnus Robb). Two nights later at Portland there were none, but the evening of 5 September produced another six Ortolan recordings. Tew calls from three recordings made with gaps of two minutes between them. On 5 September, the sky was overcast but it was not raining. It's a practice that has helped drive population declines of up to 84 per cent in Europe since 1980. We have only heard it once as a nocturnal migrant and that was less than 100% certain. The English ortolan is derived from Middle French . According to Forbes, these new laws have helped restore the ortolan population, and as a response, there has been a growing movement to get them back on the menu. The analyses of habitat preferences of Ortolan Buntings were studied on two spatial scales: territory scale (100 m radius from the centre of occupied sites) that presents the core area of the Ortolan Bunting territory and foraging scale (554 m radius from the centre of occupied sites) which represents approximate wider home range where the majority of foraging behaviour occurs (Cramp and . It may have had a nest close by. The genus name Emberiza is from Alemannic German Embritz, a bunting. This video was included in a lecture I held on October 14, 2014 at the Willem de Kooning Academy in Rotterdam. Most of these were likely to have involved different individual birds, except perhaps during twonights where there may have been some repeat detectionsfrom potentially disoriented birds. Photo taken on May 2010. The call starts with a steep descending line of variable length and strength. England, Nocturnal autumn migration in Dorset, England, and southern Portugal, descending, steepest at top, monosyllabic, single pitch, fairly high, hint of roughness. At Cabriz, Ortolan migration is essentially a September phenomenon, with 79 nocturnal recordings from that month and only 6 from October. Likely the same bird in XC742814, but with a different (3rd) song type. When conditions are favourable for them many of these birds, particularly passerines, will be at a high altitude and therefore beyond the range of our listening equipment. Low-pitched calls in flight, equivalent to Ortolan Buntings pluk. At night there were tew calls in 45/141 recordings. During the course of the spring, wader passage was prominent and he also recorded night migrants such as Water Rail Rallus aquaticus, European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus and Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus. Where there was more than one plik call in a recording we calculated the mean of up to three of the clearest ones. It is highly variable, and future studies may show that it can be divided into further types. Ortolan buntings are native to most European countries and western Asia. male ortolan bunting - ortolan bunting stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. Meet the ortolan bunting, a tiny songbird that summers across Western Europe and winters in Africa. Below it is a sonagram and corresponding sound file showing six variations of tsrp calls recorded by night. What does seem clear however is that Ortolan is a more regular visitor than we had previously thought. After learning to recognise calls of Ortolan Bunting, our experience has been that most autumn observations by day concern birds flying past or, much less often, flushed. Claiborne selected Chez Denis in Paris for a $4000 meal . Listen to an example recorded during the day. "Ortolan" or "ortolan bunting" is the name of a small yellow-brown songbird that is native to certain parts of Europe and western Asia. The following autumn he tried his luck at the house and during one of the first recording sessions an Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda flew over. As you know, illegal bird trapping in Les Landes France is still widespread. While enquiring about good sites for diurnal migration, he heard that nocturnal migration could be impressive at Sagres, Vila do Bispo, near Cape St Vincent, the southwestern corner of the European mainland. We will conclude part 2 by asking why Ortolan should be so prominent among nocturnal migrants despite being so difficult to detect during the day, and sharing with you our astonishment at this phenomenon. The birds are then thrown into a container of Armagnac, which both drowns and marinates the birds. The main focus here is on passerines, unlike famous migration bottlenecks such as the Strait of Gibraltar, or Eilat in southern Israel, where the focus is on soaring birds. What is Ortolan, and why is it illegal? It is now against the law to sell these birds, but not to eat them. Conrads 9 made up a dialect atlas by comparing different populations of Ortolan Bunting in Central Europe. Anyway, buy your ortolan or ortolans. Probably the same individual was in all three. Probably there are many more, in arable land not often frequented by birders. Poole Plik-like calls of a single individual migrating. We will explain more about the circumstances of these recordings in part 2, but first here is how we are identifying these birds as Ortolans. Magnus Robb took an interest in night migration recording after moving to Portugal at the end of 2008. "Ortolan" or "ortolan bunting" is the name of a small yellow-brown songbird that is native to certain parts of Europe and western Asia. Arguably, they are more likely to cause confusion with the disyllabic tslew call. Eastern North American landbirds. When we only hear plik, we can still identify the bird with a high degree of confidence. Tup is another call only rarely used by Ortolan Buntings during migration, both day and night. Tew is a common call-type used by migrant Ortolan Buntings both night and day. When analysed, recordings of migrants during the day turned out to contain eight distinct call-types, six or possibly seven of which we have also recorded during the night. Vin calls of Ortolan are much shorter. We have only excluded the first 10 seconds, where you would struggle to hear the Ortolan. Plik and two tslew calls of a nocturnal migrant. plik. The Ortolan Bunting has many song dialects 8, 11 . The recording was included in part 1, but it is well worth listening to again. Nocturnal Ortolans can be identified with higher confidence when we hear more than one of these call-types, and this is in fact what nearly always happens. Overall they lack the characteristic reversed 'N' shape of Ortolan Bunting plik calls. In Europe, the breeding population consists of 3,330,000-7,070,000 pairs, which equates to 6,660,000-14,100,000 mature individuals. Low-pitched calls in flight, equivalent to Ortolan Buntings pluk. "It is enveloped in fat that tastes subtly like hazelnut ," French chef Michel Gurard told the paper in 2014, "and to eat the flesh, the fat and its little bones hot, all together, is like being taken to another dimension." Ortolan buntings breed between mid-April and early June. Then they're kept in the dark for a month or so to be artificially fattened (believing it to be night time, they gorge themselves on oats and millet). (It's said they also may be blinded to achieve the same effect.) The second part will tell the story of each authors listening station, document night migration of Ortolans at each one, and consider the differing amounts of information in recordings, as well as the problem of assessing the number of individuals involved. The first angle is always sharp, and the second may be sharp or more rounded. Lets find out where else besides Dorset and southern Portugal they can be detected migrating at night, and where the numbers are highest. Find Ortolan Bunting stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. At night there were tslew calls in 27 of our 141 recordings. The fact that . Ortolans are caught in France whilst migrating to the topical climes of Africa. The "single hedonistic mouthful" that is a roast ortolan was the centrepiece of Franois Mitterrand's last meal ( Foie gras, truffles, birds drowned in brandy: a menu fit for Queen Victoria . However, the total number of times that Ortolans passed his microphones that night was 10. Later analysis of the nights recording revealed yet more birds. Indeed, even smuggling the bird into the U.S. is a crime. Ortolan buntings are herbivores (granivores) and carnivores (insectivores). The genus name Emberizais from Old High German Embritz, a bunting. These recordings confirm that Goldfinches do, on occasion, migrate at night and call whilst doing so. 19 The Quay Goldfinch nocturnal flight calls (Portugal, 16/11/2017, Magnus Robb) Conclusion. 1) Cabriz, Sintra, Portugal, 01:19, 8 September 2012 (Magnus Robb) 2) Portland Bill, Dorset, England, 23:27, 25 August 2016 (Nick Hopper) 3) Cabriz, Sintra, Portugal, 03:02, 26 September 2011 (Magnus Robb) 4) Cabriz, Sintra, Portugal, 23:21, 3 September 2012 (Magnus Robb) 5) Cabriz, Sintra, Portugal, 04:35, 6 September 2012 (Magnus Robb) 6) Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 23:12, 3 October 2009 (Magnus Robb). Elsewhere in Portugal, he has recorded Ortolan twice in August, both times on the last day of the month. The volume and variety of migrants passing at Portland proved to be much greater, and NH has subsequently invested more time in this listening station. In Portugal, Ortolan Bunting is more numerous in autumn than in the Netherlands. And singing in sun light. Listen to an example from the breeding season, followed by one of a diurnal migrant. MR rarely records on spring nights, since the results of a few trial runs have been very disappointing. Below it is a sonagram and corresponding sound file showing six variations of tslew calls recorded by day. For nocturnal plik calls, we chose the 18 clearest recordings from each country (PT for Portugal and UK for Dorset). This kills the bird while also marinating it. Ortolan buntings are generally solitary, however, during the breeding season they may gather in small groups at important feeding spots. What all have in common, however, is that they are relatively high-pitched, monosyllabic and delivered on what sounds to the human ear like a single pitch: their inflections, which we can see on sonagrams, are not obvious to the ear. Ortolan eggs. As a result, Member States must take the following measures to ensure its conservation. In the meantime he and other members of the Sound Approach team recorded Ortolan in many other parts of its range, both during the breeding and migration periods. Tew and tslew calls of a nocturnal migrant passing at close range. [17], Ortolan hunting was banned in France in 1999, but the law was poorly enforced and it is thought that up to 50,000 ortolans were illegally killed each year during the autumn migration: mostly birds from breeding grounds in Finland and the Baltic area. Then, to kill the birds, they are drowned in Armagnac brandy, according to The Smithsonian Magazine. Because ortolan bunting populations are widespread across Europe and apparently stable, many people argue that an exception should be made to allow the continued exploitation of these birds,. In part 1, we showed how to identify eight different call types of Ortolan Bunting, seven of which we have also detected at night. Cover your head with your serviette - or shroud. Six variations of plik calls recorded by day. Equipment used: Telinga Pro 8 parabola with stereo DATmic, recording onto Tascam HD-P2 solid state recorder. It is a migratory bird, and the dish that bears both its name and its flesh has been traditionally prepared, eaten, served, and enjoyed as a symbol of class and high society for centuries, per Eater. Listen to it approaching gradually, in the company of migrating yellow wagtails Motacilla, Meadow Pipits Anthus pratensis, Dunnocks Prunella modularis and a Common Reed Bunting E schoeniclus. Below it is a sonagram and corresponding sound file showing three variations of tup calls recorded by day. When this creature appears in dreams or visions, it is often interpreted as a message from God. The ortolan bunting is protected under the EU Birds Directive 79/409/EEC, it is listed in Annex I of the Directive. Often they'll have their eyes poked out, so they won't try and fly away. London. A rich medley of calls, including tslew from a migrant passing during the day. Craig Claiborne, a New York Times food critic, made a winning $300 bid in an auction for a dinner for two at any restaurant in the world that takes Amex. The Ortolan Bunting is a scarce migrant in the UK, Isle of Man, and Ireland with around 70 records per year. Why might it do this? On 25 August, there was heavy cloud cover with occasional drizzle and the fog horn was in operation, conditions that could cause some disorientation. Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Portland Bill, Dorset, England, 22:35, 22:40 & 22:44, 5 September 2016 (Nick Hopper). Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, Planalto de Mourela, Montalegre, Portugal, 10:35, 22 May 2015 (Magnus Robb). These are actually quite different from Ortolan, being both higher-pitched and having a much longer duration. After viewing sonagrams of over 140 recordings of nocturnally migrating Ortolans, it seems clear to us that calls of a given type from the same individual are usually more similar than calls of the same type from two different individuals. Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus, Nore og Uvdal, Trolltjrnstlan, Buskerud, Norway, 06:44, 5 July 2001 (Arnoud B van den Berg). A medley of calls, starting with vin, from a migrant in flight during the day. In the following recording of a bird migrating on an autumn morning there are several tslew calls among a rich medley of other call types. Also, any steps or kinks tend to be in the upper half in yellow wagtails, but in the middle or lower half in Ortolan. Some, such as plik are highly distinctive, while others such as tsrp are more likely to invite confusion with other species. A new EU-commissioned study reveals that the ortolan buntings that migrate through France are endangered, yet public outcry to allow legal use of these wild . Cretszchmars Bunting Emberiza caesia, Wadi Dana, Jordan, 30 April 2004 (Magnus Robb). Plik is the commonest call of migrating Ortolan Buntings both day and night. (Magnus Robb) 2) Sagres, Vila do Bispo, Portugal, 08:21, 17 September 2008 (Magnus Robb) 3) Cabriz, Sintra, Portugal, 00:26, 9 September 2015 (Magnus Robb). Several plik calls in flight. A medley of calls including many tsrp from a migrant in flight during the day. He hoped this would result in a wider variety of species and greater numbers of individuals. We have also recorded an identical call on the breeding grounds. Recording equipment used: Telinga Pro 8 parabola with stereo DATmic, recording onto a Sound Devices 722 solid state recorder. Ornithologischer Beobachter 68: 89-158. [4][5], The ortolan bunting was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae and retains its original binomial name of Emberiza hortulana. Individual calls longer than tsrp of Ortolan Bunting, and often doubled in a way that excludes Ortolan. Six variations of tslew calls recorded during the day. They are endangered with a decreasing population. By August, passerines featured again, and on 17 August PM noted an unknown call of a bird that had passed at 00:12.
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