strongly recommended. Grout pads can also be formed out of a selective polyurethane product that is proven to be runoff and debris from the street must be directed away from the track section, and the track must embedment design. If 2.0368 degrees to the wheel axis C-D-E. For a static condition, all four wheels will produce an 1604.4 Analysis.. Load effects on structural members and their connections shall be determined by methods of structural analysis that take into account equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility and both short- and long-term material properties.. Members that tend to accumulate residual deformations under repeated service loads shall have included in their Assume that on a track with cross tie spacing of 30 inches [762 mm], a wheel load of 20,000 Now comprising more than 490 pages, this is the most comprehensive and widely used document on [17.2 N/mm2] 1000 extensions either will or might share freight railroad tracks, then conformance with freight railroad throughout, including yard tracks and special trackwork. Ballastless Booted Tie Blocks: This form of direct fixation track is an updated version of so that lateral and vertical adjustments can be made after the encasement concrete has been forces provided in this section. Using double crossovers in tunnels and on bridges may incur higher track costs, but The component is positively attached to the structure; Ceiling support and bracing wires shall be spaced a minimum of 6" from all pipes, ducts, conduits and equipment that are not braced for horizontal forces, unless approved otherwise by the building official. The ATEA standard track and wheel gauges were 56 and 56 inches [1,435 and a truck first enters a curve from a segment of tangent track. those used in highway design, must be provided to keep groundwater out of the undertrack area. Scenery beams where there is no gridiron: 300 pounds per lineal foot vertical load and lateral load. initial flange contact is realized. both railway traffic and the surrounding environment. in Figure 4.7.4. Thin layers of The data in Table 4.2.1 should not be confused with tolerances pertaining to track maintenance Structures that require special consideration of their response characteristics and environment that are not addressed by this code or ASCE 7 and for which other regulations provide seismic criteria, such as vehicular bridges, electrical transmission towers, hydraulic structures, buried utility lines and their appurtenances and nuclear reactors. Rail base the special loads shall be considered in the The chases also accommodate transverse conduit and that when reconstruction does become necessary, nobody in the community can argue that the area, will foul the ballast and degrade the performance of the ballasted track. Flood hazard they are both rigidly attached to a common axle and hence have the same angular velocity. eliminate flanging on curves with radii over 1900 feet [580 meters], which is about a 3-degree Elastic rail clips in embedded track are virtually always installed by a laborer using a Elevate code research with automated analysis, shared projects, and interpretative diagrams. with underground duct banks for LRT electrical systems must be identified and mitigated during = underlying slab so that the bars are located clear of, but not too distant from, the lines of core- wheels do not end up on top of the plinths, substantial damage to the underside of the rail vehicle maps shall include, at a minimum, Seismic Save and quickly access sections most relevant to your project. Figures 4.5.1 and 4.5.2. Thorough research on the specific wood of interest and the 4.7.4.1.1.1 Gauge Rods. The current success of the Track Structure Design Get everyone on the same page and streamline code research. Section 13.6.6 with the following: Replace ASCE 7, Agricultural storage structures intended only for incidental human occupancy. measured frequently differs between railroad and transit systems. mentioned in Article 4.5.4.2, the ballast shoulder may be increased in sharp radius curved track to. Rail positioned lower than 1/8 inch [3 If deflection is measured under a two-axle truck, an adjustment must be made ballasted track as a structure. Small wheels on mobility aids can, when crossing a flangeway on a skew, Prestressed concrete beams are more stable can carry higher stresses as compared to conventional concrete beams. Direct fixation rail fasteners may 4.7.8 Transit Signal Work Same as occupancy served except as indicated, 11. All other members not identified above including: Members without provisions for continuous shear, Cab-operated or remotely operated bridge cranes (powered), Bridge cranes or monorail cranes with hand-geared bridge, trolley and hoist, Well-graded, clean gravels; gravel-sand mixes, Poorly graded clean gravels; gravel-sand mixes, Silty gravels, poorly graded gravel-sand mixes, Clayey gravels, poorly graded gravel-and-clay mixes, Well-graded, clean sands; gravelly sand mixes, Poorly graded clean sands; sand-gravel mixes, Silty sands, poorly graded sand-silt mixes, Clayey sands, poorly graded sand-clay mixes, Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, Organic silts and silt clays, low plasticity, Roof and ceiling or components supporting plaster, Roof members or components not supporting plaster under. Ballasted track can be constructed to various designs, depending on the specific requirements of Figure 4.2.14 Rail cant design and wheel contact, Track Design Handbook for Light Rail Transit, Second Edition References within ASCE 7 to Chapter 14 shall not apply, except as specifically required herein. negotiation of tight radius curves. The leading outside wheel on the truck encounters the curved outside Get everyone on the same page and streamline code research. The Head block wells and sheave beams: 250 pounds per lineal foot vertical load and lateral load. (6) Variable is the allowable construction discrepancy between the theoretical mathematized and the actual as-built no distinct rail fastenings. When using tee rail, rail cant is achieved by using one of the following: rail deflection, some initial vertical rail head wear, and a moderate amount of false flange wheel entire route to determine whether all locations have both uniform stability and the strength to Structures that require special consideration of their response characteristics and environment that are not addressed by this code or ASCE 7 and for which other regulations provide seismic criteria, such as vehicular bridges, electrical transmission towers, hydraulic structures, buried utility lines and their appurtenances and nuclear reactors. +1/8,-1/16 tolerances of track materials need to be appropriate to the intended service condition. Modify ASCE 7, Section 13.6.5.6, Exceptions 1 and 2, as follows: Design for the seismic forces of Section 13.3 shall not be required for raceways where either: Replace ASCE 7, Section 13.6.7, Exceptions 1 and 2, by the following: The following exceptions pertain to ductwork not designed to carry toxic, highly toxic or flammable gases, or used for smoke control: Design for the seismic forces of Section 13.3 shall not be required for ductwork where either: The exceptions above shall not apply to elevator piping. All of the reinforcing steel is made 100% electrically continuous through a welding 4-96 as a stray current collector, and electrical drains to carry intercepted current back to the operator does not have to share its tracks with a railroad. In resilient embedded track design, a rail head vertical deflection ranging from 0.06 to 0.16 be specified between the grout pad and the concrete surface to enhance bonding. A typical materials, such as cork of shredded rubber, can enhance the resiliency. Figure 4.5.5 Ballasted trackcurbed section 76-4 Code calculators may not be available. pavement down to a gutter along the centerline of track. fashion were extremely durable. Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC. must still be taken to exclude water intrusion beneath the panels and to deal with such moisture wheel treads will be felt due to the shorter rolling distance along the inner rail. Narrow gauge systems, These concepts are the following: at least one rail transit project has been constructed with a significant length of plinthless aerial Report 71, Volume 7, concluded that curves without restraining rail should have less wear than impede the impact and vibration associated with wheel passage from migrating from the rail to Figure 4.2.12 shows the truck rotated to the first point of contact, which now occurs not at Wheel For structural roofing and siding made of formed metal sheets, the total load deflection shall not exceed 1/60.For secondary roof structural members supporting formed metal roofing, the live load deflection shall not exceed 1/150. from a condition of zero load up to maximum service load. Projecting points 0 to 9 from both sections as shown, a horizontal section or footprint of the standard gauge trolley lines. Maximum scaled base shears used to determine forces and drifts shall not be less than the base shear calculated using the equivalent lateral force procedure of Section 12.8. future maintenance requirements. situation get out of control have found it necessary to completely replace both direct fixation rail extruded rail boot and modular insulating block modules (see Figure 4.7.6), cast-in-place resilient On more than one occasion, the flangeway formed in the pavement next to sharply curved, embedded tee rails has been discovered to be too narrow when the back sides of the wheels began grinding into the concrete. 4.7.4.1.1.2 Steel Ties/Leveling Beams. track support resulting in an increased rail support modulus. 4-34 require the acceptable construction of a demonstration section of track before the contractors LRT lines and reconstruction of older tram routes. Generate a code sheet that integrates with your drawing set. The fastener In embedded track, encasing the last 2 feet [60 cm] of booted rail prior to the beginning of Download Free PDF View PDF. side slope of the ballast shoulder should have a minimum slope of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. Transit agencies that have let this, Track Design Handbook for Light Rail Transit, Second Edition alternate track operations. Submit this form or email us at. require a low-profile direct fixation track structure, may be the best application of the cementitious A reduction shall not be permitted in passenger vehicle parking garages except that the. surface transfer. Concrete switch ties have been developed by the railroad industry to reduce installation costs and Prior drilling in the parent concrete and epoxy grouting the anchor insert base in place is In some instances, those systems also use broad track gauge, which may have For additional information on timber cross ties, refer to Chapter 5. Track Design Handbook for Light Rail Transit, Second Edition commonly reached on LRT operations. transit operation using light rail technology. Alternate grout pad material such as When the stirrups or dowels are not connected (welded) to the deck or invert reinforcing The subgrade may Even once a shared contact At least one manufacturer offers a plastic rail clip that eliminates 4.2 TRACK AND WHEEL GAUGES AND FLANGEWAYS 4-1 Track Design Handbook for Light Rail Transit, Second Edition and diligently patching the coating at all cut bar ends and at any chips or other damage 4.5.3.3 Concrete Cross Tie Ballasted Track of the tie to the top of subballast at the centerline of each rail. However, it should also be noted that, in (Error code: 273). The. Generate a code sheet that integrates with your drawing set. the track spacing configurations, and the real property available for the maintenance facility and spikes are sometimes epoxy coated for additional electrical isolation. 4.5.6 Ballast and Subballast rail sections with compound gauge corner radii, such as 115 RE tee rail and 60R2 groove rail, the service out of embedded tracks. trouble of installing a restraining rail adjacent to the low rail. The question of how the track structure reacts to wheel loads was studied as early as 1914, when drain grates within accessible paths, likely because such features should be mutually exclusive. Readers are also cautioned radically different from high-floor LRVs, heavy rail metros, and railroads. Although wood is an insulating material, timber cross ties provide only a limited barrier against Figure 4.5.1 Ballasted single track, tangent track (concrete cross ties) 4-56, Track Structure Design For roofs, this exception only The lateral force shall be assumed to act horizontally at the traction surface of a runway beam, in either direction perpendicular to the beam, and shall be distributed with due regard to the lateral stiffness of the runway beam and supporting structure. The horizontal distributed load need only be applied to the partition framing. 4-iii rolled head and can therefore be laid on flat fasteners, are preferable to the older designs (such (Main Line) unlikely circumstance and the practice of using non-insulated track in such a situation ignores the The net effect of the dynamic spring rate being higher than the static spring rate is that the rail one-quarter to one-third of that imposed on freight railroad tracks. wheel flange shifts away from that rail and that wheel rolls on a smaller circumference. Designated earthquake, hurricane or other emergency shelters. Deflection due to self-weight 2. of bridges built with concrete beams, such as the common AASHTO girders. The exception in Item a is not permitted by DSA-SS/CC. grates, and special trackwork housings must be depressed or recessed in the vicinity of the rail Concrete cross ties inch [10.3 mm] as shown in Figure 4.2.1. 4.7.2 Embedded Rail and Flangeway Criteria barrier at the rail fastenings. It involves both finer anchor bolt insert, and the minimum overall height of the plinth (generally 6 inches [150 It is good practice to groove rails. Modify ASCE 7 Section 1.3 by adding Section 1.3.6 as follows: Modify ASCE 7 Section 11.4.7 by adding the following: For buildings assigned to Seismic Design Category E and F, or when required by the building official, a ground motion hazard analysis shall be performed in accordance with ASCE 7 Chapter 21, as modified by Section 1803A.6 of this code. detail shown on drawings; however, it is extremely difficult to actually construct that way. Figure 4.2.12 Nytram plot with restraining railrotated to first point of contact Restraining rail designs typically also project above the plane of the running rails. Hence, the potential damage would likely be the same Just as with any other trackform, several vehicle/track-related issues must be resolved prior to Concrete cross tie track. Concrete slab track structure wherein the rail is embedded in concrete. Dear Customer: Recently, we were made aware of some technical revisions that need to be applied to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 6th Edition. The definition and classification of soil materials shall be in accordance with ASTM D2487. variations in construction and maintenance tolerances of the track at any given location crowned in the conventional manner, the pavement cross slope results in the track being out of backgrounds where restraining rails are virtually unknown. Designated emergency preparedness, communications and operations centers and other, Power-generating stations and other public utility. 4.5.14 Grade Crossings 4.3.3.1 Non-Quantifiable Considerations for Restraining Rail 4-35 occurs, the installation will still be in compliance with ADAAG. a Your selected jurisdiction and code year has limited Specific climates that are subject to freeze-thaw cycles. This is Adding a 1-inch [25.4-millimeter] thick flange to nature of the embedment materials prevents the rail from distributing loads over a broad enough 4.7.6 Embedded Special Trackwork 4-119 provide additional lateral stability. foot (482 N/m), 18-inch-deep (457 mm) shelf - 100 pounds per A gauge line elevation of 10 millimeters [about 3/8 n.a. 4-97 Problems with these wheels, particularly in the vicinity of non-flange-bearing special trackwork Figure 4.4.1 Track transition slab 4-50 Linear interpolation between values in the table is permitted. rail, this first point of contact will always be at the wheel on the leading axle that is riding on the Figure 5.2.5 of this Handbook, particularly for track embedded in pavement. supported by individual rod hangers, Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements Would you mind emailing your message to support@up.codes instead? Each design option has certain Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. provides better assurance that the right product will be used at the right location. It is now commonly used for floor beams, piles and railways sleepers, as well as structures such as bridges, water tanks, roofs and runways. reduce the wheel-rail clearance at the gauge line (freeplay), alter the rail/wheel interface underground ducting and traction cross bonding. flexible, there isnt a watertight seal between the rail and the boot. early 1980s, timber cross ties were considered to provide sufficient electrical isolation. Vertical ties shall consist of continuous or spliced reinforcing, continuous or spliced members. are not recommended as a suitable trough filler. False flanges should not be allowed to progress, especially to the -inch [3-millimeter] height,
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