B. Claydon, T. L. Metz, A. L. Gordon, A. M. Landry, D. J. Shaver, J. Blumenthal, L. Collyer, B. J. Godley, A. McGowan, M. J. Witt, C. L. Campbell, C. J. Lagueux, T. L. Bethel, and L. Kenyon, 2017: Ecological regime shift drives declining growth rates of sea turtles throughout the West Atlantic. CA, Larcher, W., 2003: Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups. Sweet, W. V., and J. J. Marra, 2016: 2015 State of U.S. Nuisance Tidal Flooding. Duke, N. C., J. M. Kovacs, A. D. Griffiths, L. Preece, D. J. E. Hill, P. van Oosterzee, J. Mackenzie, H. S. Morning, and D. Burrows, 2017: Large-scale dieback of mangroves in Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria: A severe ecosystem response, coincidental with an unusually extreme weather event. NWS, 2016: The Historic South Carolina Floods of October 15, 2015. Sixty-one percent of major Southeast cities are exhibiting some aspects of worsening heat waves, which is a higher percentage than any other region of the country. An increasing number of high heat and dry days as the climate warms poses a risk to efficient power generation, particularly under conditions where the mode of primary generation moves towards natural gas and water-intensive nuclear power.256, Agriculture, livestock rearing, and forestry activities are widespread and varied through the Southeast region.7 Climate change is expected to have an overall negative impact on agricultural productivity in the United States,35 although some crops could also become newly viable alternatives (Key Message 3, Figure 19.15). info), IPA: or ; Samaritan script: ; Paleo-Hebrew script: ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family.Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. Lal, P., J. R. R. Alavalapati, and E. D. Mercer, 2011: Socio-economic impacts of climate change on rural United States. Terando, A. J., B. Reich, K. Pacifici, J. Costanza, A. McKerrow, and Jaime A. Collazo, 2016: Uncertainty quantification and propagation for projections of extremes in monthly area burned under climate change: A case study in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA. Check this option to remember your email address. Census Bureau, 2015: Press release: New Census Bureau Population Estimates Reveal Metro Areas and Counties That Propelled Growth in Florida and the Nation. Plus, enjoy exceptional amenities just beyond your doorstep, including tennis courts and a junior Olympic pool with a cabana. A closer look at the August 2016 event in Louisiana provides an example of how vulnerable inland communities in the Southeast region are to these extreme rainfall events. Douglas, E., J. Jacobs, K. Hayhoe, L. Silka, J. Daniel, M. Collins, A. Alipour, B. Anderson, C. Hebson, E. Mecray, R. Mallick, Q. Zou, P. Kirshen, H. Miller, J. Kartez, L. Friess, A. Stoner, E. Bell, C. Schwartz, N. Thomas, S. Miller, B. Eckstrom, and C. Wake, 2017: Progress and challenges in incorporating climate change information into transportation research and design. Sakai, A., and W. Larcher, 1987: Frost Survival of Plants: Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress. Enwright, N. M., K. T. Griffith, and M. J. Osland, 2016: Barriers to and opportunities for landward migration of coastal wetlands with sea-level rise. Acadiana Planning Commission, 2018: APC Board allocates $25 million in HMGP funding to regional flood mitigation projects. In the future, the gravity-driven nature of many of these systems may cease to function as designed, causing rainwater to flood streets and neighborhoods until the tide lowers and water can drain normally. Center for Progressive Reform White Paper. Implementation of these strategies has already resulted in a reduction in water consumption in the city of Atlanta, relieving strain on the water utility and increasing resilience.50. Stone, 2015: Rising heat wave trends in large US cities. A. Mendelssohn, 2005: Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes. I also agree to provide access to my home during normal business hours (M-F, 8 - 4pm) for Century Communities employees and its appointed trade partners to inspect or perform repairs. NOW SELLING! CA, Selma, Our team is here and ready to assist you. More than 70% of precipitation recording locations show upward trends since 1950, although there are downward trends at many stations along and southeast of the Appalachian Mountains and in Florida (Figure 19.3). 5: Land Changes, KM 1). 4.75% (APR 6.853%) interest rate on move-in ready homes!*. This assessment builds on the above concerns described in the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA3) and includes impacts to urban and rural landscapes as well as natural systems. Amekudzi, A., M. Crane, D. Springstead, D. Rose, and T. Batac, 2013: Transit climate change adaptation assessment for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. 9: Oceans, KM 2).35,252 While adaptation and resilience can moderate climate change impacts, rural areas generally face other stressors, such as poverty and limited access to healthcare, which will make coping to these climate-related challenges more difficult. Get a feel for the neighborhood and find the right homesite for you. Synthesis Report. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, 59 pp. The Southeasts coastal plain and inland low-lying regions support a rapidly growing population, a tourism economy, critical industries, and important cultural resources that are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts (very likely, very high confidence). NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1. Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. Sarofim, M. C., S. Saha, M. D. Hawkins, D. M. Mills, J. Hess, R. Horton, P. Kinney, J. Schwartz, and A. St. Juliana, 2016: Ch. Williams, J. W., B. N. Shuman, T. Webb, P. J. Bartlein, and P. L. Leduc, 2004: Late-quaternary vegetation dynamics in North America: Scaling from taxa to biomes. These climatic drivers play critical roles and greatly influence the distribution, structure, and functioning of ecosystems; hence, changes in these climatic drivers will transform ecosystems in the region and greatly alter the distribution and abundance of species. 2017,103 Box 9.1). You'll also love a prime location near shopping, dining and more. Poloczanska, E. S., C. J. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Americas and Europe. Check this option to remember this device the next time you sign in to skip two-factor authentication (not recommended for public devices). Ayres, M. P., and M. J. Lombardero, 2000: Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens. Starr, G., C. L. Staudhammer, H. W. Loescher, R. Mitchell, A. Whelan, J. K. Hiers, and J. J. O'Brien, 2015: Time series analysis of forest carbon dynamics: Recovery of Pinus palustris physiology following a prescribed fire. Walsh, J., D. Wuebbles, K. Hayhoe, J. Kossin, K. Kunkel, G. Stephens, P. Thorne, R. Vose, M. Wehner, J. Willis, D. Anderson, S. Doney, R. Feely, P. Hennon, V. Kharin, T. Knutson, F. Landerer, T. Lenton, J. Kennedy, and R. Somerville, 2014: Ch. van der Wiel, K., S. B. Kapnick, G. J. van Oldenborgh, K. Whan, S. Philip, G. A. Vecchi, R. K. Singh, J. Arrighi, and H. Cullen, 2017: Rapid attribution of theAugust 2016 flood-inducing extreme precipitation in south Louisiana to climate change. Warming ocean temperatures due to climate change are expected to have a large effect on marine and coastal ecosystems.234,235,236 Many species are sensitive to small changes in ocean temperature; hence, the distribution and abundance of marine organisms are expected to be greatly altered by increasing ocean temperatures. Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC), Atlanta, GA. Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., P. Willems, J. Olsson, S. Beecham, A. Pathirana, I. Blow Gregersen, H. Madsen, and V.-T.-V. Nguyen, 2013: Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: A review. 2: Our Changing Climate. Get the details> Menu. While recent regional temperature trends have not shown the same consistent rate of daytime maximum temperature increase as observed in other parts of the United States, climate model simulations strongly suggest that daytime maximum temperatures are likely to increase as humans continue to emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.13 The resulting temperature increases are expected to add to the heat health burden in rural, as well as urban, areas.35 Projected temperature increases also pose challenges for crop production dependent on periods of lower temperatures to reach full productivity. NOW SELLING! Butterworth, M. K., C. W. Morin, and A. C. Comrie, 2017: An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on dengue transmission in the southeastern United States. Many indicators of vulnerability are dynamic, so that adaptation and other changes can affect the patterns of vulnerability to heat and other climate stressors over time. Daly, C., M. P. Widrlechner, M. D. Halbleib, J. I. Smith, and W. P. Gibson, 2012: Development of a new USDA plant hardiness zone map for the United States. 2017.; FTA 2013; City of Fayetteville 2017; City of Charleston 2015; City of New Orleans 2015; Tampa Bay Water 2014; EPA 2015; City of Atlanta 2015, 2017; Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact 201744,45,46,50,91,246,297,298,299). B. Bolten, M. Chaloupka, V. S. Saba, C. Bellini, M. A. G. Marcovaldi, A. J. 32034, Begin typing to search, the field will be completed as you type, Fernandina Beach, European Commission, Insight_E, Stockholm, Sweden, 77 pp. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC, 23 pp. Hollister This quiet yet steadily growing community lets you enjoy small-town living while still being in close proximity to all the city conveniences. Wells, E. C. Kansa, S. W. Kansa, K. N. Myers, R. C. DeMuth, and D. A. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Washington, DC, 11 pp. Urban areas have higher concentrations of CO2, which causes allergenic plants, such as ragweed, to grow faster and produce more pollen than in rural areas.40 Continued rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 levels are projected to further contribute to aeroallergens in cities (Ch. The decade of the 2010s through 2017 is the warmest in all seasons for average daily minimum temperature and in winter and spring for average daily maximum temperature. Reduction of existing stresses can increase resilience. 4892 Albany Way, Sixty-one percent of major Southeast cities are exhibiting some aspects of worsening heat waves, which is a higher percentage than any other region of the country.12 The urban heat island effect (cities that are warmer than surrounding rural areas, especially at night) adds to the impact of heat waves in cities (Ch. Join us LIVE to learn about getting your credit in shape & learning about the homebuying process! Luedeling, E., E. H. Girvetz, M. A. Semenov, and P. H. Brown, 2011: Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. Clark, J. S., L. Iverson, C. W. Woodall, C. D. Allen, D. M. Bell, D. C. Bragg, A. W. D'Amato, F. W. Davis, M. H. Hersh, I. Ibanez, S. T. Jackson, S. Matthews, N. Pederson, M. Peters, M. W. Schwartz, K. M. Waring, and N. E. Zimmermann, 2016: The impacts of increasing drought on forest dynamics, structure, and biodiversity in the United States. EPA 430-R-15-001. Projections of potential change in the frequency and extent of wildfires depend in part on models of future population growth and human behavior, which are limited, adding to the uncertainty associated with climate and forest modeling. Join us LIVE to learn about getting your credit in shape & learning about the homebuying process! I. Aboveground net primary productivity. According to the National Weather Service, Hurricane Irma was only the fifth hurricane with winds of 185 mph or higher in the whole of the Atlantic Basin since reliable record keeping began, and it was the strongest observed hurricane in the open Atlantic Ocean.101 For three days, the storm maintained maximum sustained winds of 185 miles per hour, the longest observed duration in the satellite era.101,102 Not only was Irma extremely strong, it was also very large with tropical storm force winds reaching as far away as 400 miles from the hurricanes center and driving hurricane force winds up to 80 miles away.101 Two factors supported Irmas strength: the very warm waters it passed over, which exceeded 86F,102 and the light winds Irma encountered in the upper atmosphere (Figure 19.14).101 High-intensity hurricanes such as Irma are expected to become more common in the future due to climate change.103 Rapid intensification of storms is also more likely as the climate warms,104 even though there is also some historical evidence that the same conditions that lead to this intensification also act to weaken hurricane intensity near the U.S. coast, but it is unclear whether this relationship will continue as the climate warms further (see Kossin et al. Lewis, C., 2012: The case of the wild onions: The impact of ramps on Cherokee rights. As a result, future generations can expect to experience, interact with, and potentially benefit from natural systems that are much different than those that we see today (Ch. Office of the Governor, Atlanta, GA. September 6. Over the past 50 years, the resultant gross damage and lost wages have totaled more than $1.53 billion (dollar year not specified). See Guide to this Report for more on Simmons, K. M., J. Czajkowski, and J. Allen, C. D., D. D. Breshears, and N. G. McDowell, 2015: On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene. The previous record year was 2005 with a total of $214.8 billion (in 2017 dollars; $208.4 billion in 2015 dollars), which included the impacts of Hurricanes Dennis, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma.99, In 2017, Hurricane Irma was one of three major hurricanes to make landfall in the United States and territories, with the most significant impacts occurring in the Southeast region. In the event of a health or safety emergency, please call 911. Embedded in these land- and seascapes is a rich cultural history developed over generations by the many communities that call this region home. Davis, M. B., and R. G. Shaw, 2001: Range shifts and adaptive responses to quaternary climate change. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC, 271 pp. U.S. While all regional residents and communities are potentially at risk for some impacts, some communities or populations are at greater risk due to their locations, services available, and economic situations. McEwan, R. W., J. M. Dyer, and N. Pederson, 2011: Multiple interacting ecosystem drivers: Toward an encompassing hypothesis of oak forest dynamics across eastern North America. A. Knott, and C. M. Oswalt, 2017: Divergence of species responses to climate change. A. Whittington, and R. Paperno, 2016: Resilience of a tropical sport fish population to a severe cold event varies across five estuaries in southern Florida. Houghton, A., J. Austin, A. Beerman, and C. Horton, 2017: An approach to developing local climate change environmental public health indicators in a rural district. Despite warming, low winter temperatures may prevent permanent year-round establishment of the virus across the region.31 Strategies such as management of urban wetlands have resulted in lower dengue fever risk in Puerto Rico.32 Similar adaptation strategies have the potential to limit vector-borne disease in southeastern cities, particularly those cities with characteristics similar to Caribbean cities that have already implemented vector control strategies (Ch. 3: Water, KM 2).. Water utilities across the Southeast are preparing for these impacts. Griffith, J. Hauer, M. E., 2017: Migration induced by sea-level rise could reshape the US population landscape. Kingsburg, Due to ongoing supply chain issues and the effects of COVID-19, we are experiencing material delays and trade labor shortages. You'll also fall in love with this community's gentle rolling hills and mature trees. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, 58 pp. Many recreational fishery populations in tropical coastal areas are freeze-sensitive138,174,175,176,177,178 and are, therefore, expected to move northward in response to warmer water and air temperatures. Wdowinski, S., R. Bray, B. P. Kirtman, and Z. Wu, 2016: Increasing flooding hazard in coastal communities due to rising sea level: Case study of Miami Beach, Florida. Grace, C. L. Stagg, R. H. Day, S. B. Hartley, N. M. Enwright, A. S. From, M. L. McCoy, and J. L. McLeod, 2017: Macroclimatic change expected to transform coastal wetland ecosystems this century. NWS, 2017: Detailed Meteorological Summary on Hurricane Irma [web page]. The ability to cope with current and potential impacts, such as flooding, is further reduced by limited county resources. Conner, W. H., T. W. Doyle, and K. W. Krauss, Eds., 2007: Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands of the Southeastern United States. A. Sorrie, A. S. Weakley, D. B. U.S. Urban and rural areas exist along a continuum from major metro areas to suburbs, small towns, and lightly populated places. A., S. V. Stehman, and T. R. Loveland, 2003: Landscape trends in mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States ecoregions. Climatic conditions are currently suitable for adult mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti, which can spread dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, across most of the Southeast from July through September (Figure 19.6), and cities in South Florida already have suitable conditions for year-round mosquito activity. Noss, R. F., W. J. Platt, B. In Jacksonville, Florida, heavy rains were the major issue causing rivers to reach major or record flood stage and flooded some city streets up to 5 feet deep in water. LOW INTEREST RATE OFFER NOW AVAILABLE! New data lends scope to flooding devastation.. 2010 census results varied dramatically with previous Census Bureau estimates, counting 420,003 residents. Although heating costs are expected to decrease as the climate warms in the Southeast, the number of cooling degree days is expected to increase and the length of the cooling season expected to expand, increasing energy demand and exacerbating rural energy poverty (Figure 19.22). For example, the Louisville, Kentucky, metro government conducted an urban heat management study and installed 145,000 square feet of cool roofs as part of their goal to lessen the risk of climate change impacts.28, The transmission of vector-borne diseases, which are spread by the bite of an animal such as a mosquito or tick, is complex and depends on a number of factors, including weather and climate, vegetation, animal host populations, and human activities (Ch. doi: Smee, D. L., J. High tide coastal flooding has started to inundate these low-lying roads, restricting access during certain times of the day and causing public safety concerns. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp. EPA 800-Q-15-004. Call our service number at 888.885.5653. 100 Resilient Cities, 150 pp. The ecological resources that people depend on for livelihoods, protection, and well-being are increasingly at risk from the impacts of climate change. Fire has historically played an important role in the region, and ecological diversity in many southeastern natural systems is dependent upon fire.115,116,134,189 Although the total area burned by wildfire is greatest in the western United States, the Southeast has the largest area burned by prescribed fire (see Case Study Prescribed Fire) and the highest number of wildfires.134,190 In the future, rising temperatures and increases in the duration and intensity of drought are expected to increase wildfire occurrence and also reduce the effectiveness of prescribed fire.3,4,5,6 Moreover, rapid urban expansion near managed forests has the potential to reduce opportunities to use prescribed fire, which could lead to native species declines, increased wildfire occurrence, and economic and health impacts.134,191. Tallahassee, FL. Moore, G. W., C. B. Edgar, J. G. Vogel, R. A. Washington-Allen, R. G. March, and R. Zehnder, 2016: Tree mortality from an exceptional drought spanning mesic to semiarid ecoregions. NOAA RCC, 2017: xmACIS2 [Applied Climate Information System online tool]. Reef, R., and C. E. Lovelock, 2015: Regulation of water balance in mangroves. Plants collected from the wild may become less available as the ideal conditions for their growth shift to other areas (see Case Study Mountain Ramps). Permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. Privacy Policy Lafayette, LA. This was the seventh highest tide ever recorded in Charleston Harbor and the highest since Hurricane Hugo in 1989. Clemson University, Clemson, SC. doi: Doyle, T. W., G. F. Girod, and M. A. The company is sponsoring a climate tax on high earners to fund new vehicles and bail out its drivers It pays to understand how to secure a home loanespecially if you're a first-time buyer. Kopp, R. E., A. C. Kemp, K. Bittermann, B. P. Horton, J. P. Donnelly, W. R. Gehrels, C. C. Hay, J. X. Mitrovica, E. D. Morrow, and S. Rahmstorf, 2016: Temperature-driven global sea-level variability in the Common Era. Check this option to remember your email address. Morin, C. W., A. C. Comrie, and K. Ernst, 2013: Climate and dengue transmission: Evidence and implications. Jenkins, C. N., K. S. Van Houtan, S. L. Pimm, and J. O. Sexton, 2015: US protected lands mismatch biodiversity priorities. The amount of unpredictability in future projected rates of sea level rise is likely caused by a range of future climate scenarios projections and rate of ice sheet mass changes. NOAA National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD, various pp. Site Map. Higher sea levels will cause the storm surges from tropical storms to travel farther inland than in the past, impacting more coastal properties. Means, J. Costanza, and R. K. Peet, 2015: How global biodiversity hotspots may go unrecognized: Lessons from the North American Coastal Plain. Irma was a Category 4 storm with 130 mph wind speeds when it made landfall at Cudjoe Key, Florida (20 miles north of Key West). While the Southeast is historically known for having a rural nature, a drastic shift toward a more urbanized region is underway. Population projections are inherently uncertain over long time periods, and shifts in immigration or migration rates and shifting demographics will influence urban vulnerabilities to climate change. New Phase Now Selling! Bianchi, T. S., M. A. Allison, J. Zhao, X. Li, R. S. Comeaux, R. A. Feagin, and R. W. Kulawardhana, 2013: Historical reconstruction of mangrove expansion in the Gulf of Mexico: Linking climate change with carbon sequestration in coastal wetlands. Cities across the Southeast are experiencing more and longer summer heat waves. before making use of copyrighted material. Many southeastern cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change compared to cities in other regions, with expected impacts to infrastructure and human health. Harrison, C., and J. Popke, 2011: Because you got to have heat: The networked assemblage of energy poverty in eastern North Carolina. Island Press, Washington, DC,. Of the $50 billion, approximately $30$35 billion accounts for wind and flood damage to a combination of residential and commercial properties, automobiles, and boatswith 80%90% of this cost felt in Florida. Provancha, M. J., P. A. Schmalzer, and C. R. Hall, 1986: Effects of the December 1983 and January 1985 freezing air temperatures on select aquatic poikilotherms and plant species of Merritt Island, Florida. 9: Oceans, KM 1). Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA, 171 pp. Emergency warranty issue? 7: Ecosystems).136,137. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA, 64 pp. Avery, M. L., R. M. Engeman, K. L. Keacher, J. S. Humphrey, W. E. Bruce, T. C. Mathies, and R. E. Mauldin, 2010: Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons. Natural systems in the region will have to become resistant and resilient to both too little water and too much water. Since then, annual average temperatures have warmed to levels above the 1930s; the decade of the 2010s through 2017 has been warmer than any previous decade (App. Yates, K. K., D. G. Zawada, N. A. Smiley, and G. Tiling-Range, 2017: Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems. Mayor's Office of Sustainability, Atlanta, GA, 48 pp. doi: 10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH19. This is the only watershed-level hazard mitigation collaboration of this kind happening in the state and has the support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, and the Louisiana Office of Community Development.96, Many communities in the Southeast also participate in FEMAs Community Rating System (CRS) program, which provides reduced flood insurance premiums to communities that go above and beyond the minimum National Flood Insurance Program regulation standards.97 Many communities require a safety factor, also known as freeboard, expressed as feet above the base flood elevation, for construction in special flood hazard areas.
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