can collagen peptides cause migraines

2015;8:29-42. WebCollagen is so big and challenging that we cant absorb it as is when we consume it. 2015;114(8):1237-45. Additionally, collagen contains various animal proteins, which can cause allergic reactions in some people. Methods: However, the likelihood of a headache due to collagen may be minimal in comparison to the many benefits of collagen., When looking for a collagen supplement, check the ingredient label and see what the absorption rate is. 2018;10(7).View abstract. The participants skin hydration and elasticity also improved significantly. Would you like email updates of new search results? 2022 Jan 28;23(3):1529. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031529. View abstract. These types of ingredients and additives found in supplements can also be a reason why someone gets a headache versus the collagen molecules themselves., Next, looking at the absorption rate can help you avoid other side effects like bloating or an upset stomach. All rights reserved. For example, one small study had women take either calcium or calcium and collagen supplements for 1 year. Main benefits: Provides moisture to the skin and scalp, strengthens the hair follicle, accelerates healing, and nourishes the hair bulb. Given that glutamic acid is one of the amino acids present in the collagen protein, eating too many collagen peptides may indirectly lead to an unwanted headache. Over time, however, the production of this protein slows down. 2020;111(3):708-718. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Chemical additives in collagen peptide supplements, such as anti-caking substances and preservatives are common causes of acne flare-ups in those who notice increased breakouts with collagen use. anti-aging; collagen peptides; fragmentation; glycosaminoglycan; hyaluronic acid; reflectance confocal microscopy. Genetic Variants within NOGGIN, COL1A1, COL5A1, and IGF2 are Associated with Musculoskeletal Injuries in Elite Male Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2454. Print 2018 Dec 21. Can Collagen Cause Diarrhea? HIGH CHOLESTEROL on Keto Diet (My 4-Year High Fat Diet Results!) Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2820. Collagen makes up a significant amount of bone structure and helps keep the bones strong. Therapeutic role of melatonin in migraine prophylaxis: A systematic review. Pre-Bed Casein Protein Supplementation Does Not Enhance Acute Functional Recovery in Physically Active Males and Females When Exercise is Performed in the Morning. Side effects vary depending on which type of collagen supplement you take, but they are generally minor overall. Still, the only real risk with collagen is knowing the source, quality, and reliability of the supplement company., It is important to get to know the company you are buying a supplement from and to ensure that they are transparent about all of their ingredients and product sourcing., If the company is not transparent, and you have no idea what is in the supplement, there is a higher chance the collagen can cause headaches and other issues., Beyond the product itself and ingredients, dosage can also impact how safe it is to use collagen as a daily supplement., As with anything, it is possible to take too much and have an adverse reaction. Collagen Facility offers easy-to-digest hydrolyzed collagen peptides. It can cause allergic reactions. If youre in a state of chronic migraine or get attacks often, I recommend avoiding collagen peptides unless its prescribed by your physician. 2020:1-6. Dizziness. To protect collagen stores, doctors recommend you use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day, refrain from, Topical creams which include retinoic acid or, Despite the well-known risks of exposure to. View abstract. National Library of Medicine WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. In conclusion, CP had moderate benefits for the recovery of CMJ and muscle soreness but had no influence on inflammation and bone collagen synthesis. However, it is 5. Bruyre O, Zegels B, Leonori L, et al. The reasons why headaches are a potential side effect of collagen are variable and not necessarily conclusive, as more research is needed on this topic., However, one common trend we found in our research for this article is that the type of collagen and quality of the supplement itself contributes a lot to the potential for side effects like headaches., It has been considered that collagen may cause headaches for some users because it can raise your calcium levels. Then, we recommend you evaluate the supplement itself along with the dosage you have been using., Not all collagen supplements are created equal and whether collagen can cause headaches may have more to do with the type of collagen you use and its bioavailability to you., When looking at the quality of a collagen supplement, first and foremost check to see if the company can back up their claims., If a company is making any kind of result claims regarding collagens ability to help resolve issues (especially medical issues) then they need to have resources, case studies, and other research to back up these claims., Since the FDA does not regulate collagen supplements as closely as they should, a lot of this is left up to the consumer to identify and sift through. OTHER NAME(S): Collagen Hydrolysate, Collagen Peptidesi, Collagn, Collagen peptides have most often been used by adults in doses of 2.5-10 grams daily for up to 6 months. 2013;77(4):691-6. Something that should be recognized about collagen as a supplement is that it is natural. That being said, we want to point out that these side effects are not common. As well, since the FDA considers collagen a dietary supplement, the safety and effectiveness of collagen peptide supplements are also unregulated. Molecules 2021;26(7):2021. The takeaway Peptides are amino acids that are the building blocks of certain proteins needed by the skin, like collagen and elastin. Zhu CF, Li GZ, Peng HB, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li Y. Collagen is one of the most plentiful proteins in mammals. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. G0701603/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom, MR/P020941/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom. Zdzieblik D, Brame J, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, Knig D. The Influence of Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides on Knee Joint Discomfort in Young Physically Active Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Results: Expert Opin Investig Drugs. As a person ages and collagen production slows, bones can become weaker as the person loses the collagen necessary to keep the bones strong and supported. Therapeutic effects of marine collagen peptides on Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and primary hypertension. Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation With and Without Collagen Peptides on Volumetric and Areal Bone Mineral Density, Bone Geometry and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia. View abstract. Though this study is promising, more research is necessary to fully determine the positive effects that collagen may have on muscle growth. Praet SFE, Purdam CR, Welvaert M, et al. Hydroxyproline ingestion and urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion. The animal ingredients commonly found in collagen peptide supplements can be extraordinarily high in calcium, which, in come cases can lead to hypercalcemia. Molecules 2021;26(16):4880. Conclusion: View abstract. Collagen peptide supplements can however lead to dermatological, digestive side, and other side effects, particularly in products with poorly sourced ingredients. Int J Tissue React. 2019;11(4). 5. Daily oral supplementation with collagen peptides combined with vitamins and other bioactive compounds improves skin elasticity and has a beneficial effect on joint and general wellbeing. It is believed that adding more collagen to your diet could potentially cause a deficiency in tryptophan. The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. View abstract. Hexsel D, Zague V, Schunck M, Siega C, Camozzato FO, Oesser S. Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails. Aczl T, Benczik B, gg B, Krtsi T, Urbn P, Bauer W, Gyenesei A, Tuka B, Tajti J, Ferdinandy P, Vcsei L, Blcskei K, Kun J, Helyes Z. J Headache Pain. They accomplish this by stimulating new collagen growth, in turn reducing wrinkles, boosting skin elasticity, and improving skin hydration. Effect of collagen hydrolysate in articular pain: a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Effects of a nutritional supplement containing collagen peptides on skin elasticity, hydration and wrinkles. 2014;27(3):113-9. doi: 10.1159/000355523. Similar to vegan options, a person may want to look for a collagen supplement that specifically aims to support the keto diet. This study examined whether consuming collagen peptides (CP) before and after strenuous exercise alters markers of muscle damage, inflammation and bone turnover. J Sports Sci Med. Whey protein but not collagen peptides stimulate acute and longer-term muscle protein synthesis with and without resistance exercise in healthy older women: a randomized controlled trial. Effects of a chicken collagen hydrolysate on the circulation system in subjects with mild hypertension or high-normal blood pressure. Zmitek K, Zmitek J, Rogl Butina M, Pogacnik T. Effects of a combination of water-soluble coenzyme Q10 and collagen on skin parameters and condition: Results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. View abstract. 2006;19(2):92-6. Cneo F, Costa-Paiva L, Pinto-Neto AM, Morais SS, Amaya-Farfan J. View abstract. Clark KL, Sebastianelli W, Flechsenhar KR, et al. View abstract. and transmitted securely. 2000;30(2):87-99. Effect of an oral preparation containing hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, hydrolyzed collagen type II and hydrolyzed keratin on synovial fluid features and clinical indices in knee osteoarthritis. Gold M. H. (2007). 2019;12(1):50. In studies, collagen peptide supplements have been shown to support skin elasticity 5 and overall hydration 6 . This group saw a significant reduction in artery stiffness and a reduction in their low-density lipoprotein, or bad, cholesterol levels. View abstract. Nutrients. 2023 Copyright Derm Collective. However, some vegan and vegetarian collagen options are available. Clifford T, Ventress M, Allerton DM, et al. Some peptides are antimicrobial, meaning they can kill This may cause a range of digestive issues including diarrhea, a general feeling of heaviness in the stomach, feelings of fullness, and heartburn. Porfrio, E. & Fanaro, G. B. Epub 2013 Dec 24. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Treatment with marine collagen peptides modulates glucose and lipid metabolism in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrients 2018;10(10). Effect of high advanced-collagen tripeptide on wound healing and skin recovery after fractional photothermolysis treatment. Epub 2019 Aug 14. 2019;17(3). Testing the Role of Glutamate NMDA Receptors in Peripheral Trigeminal Nociception Implicated in Migraine Pain. Urinary Metabolomics in Young Soccer Players after Winter Training Season. Effects of collagen peptides on recovery following eccentric exercise in resistance-trained males-A pilot study. After those 8 weeks, the women who took the supplement had higher elasticity and moisture levels. Human skin explants were used to study extracellular matrix components in the presence of collagen peptides ex vivo. View abstract. Collagen is the most important structural protein in the body, critical to skin firmness, elasticity, and an overall youthful appearance. Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Knig D. Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides in Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: Long-Term Observation in Postmenopausal Women. Mar Drugs. Learn more about collagen vs. biotin. A wide range of dietary supplements is offered to improve skin health. The source of the collagen itself should also be a consideration, primarily for those that have a fish or shellfish allergy of any kind. Mead M. N. (2008). 2020;7:580918. According to a few case studies on using collagen to treat osteoarthritis, when participants were using the collagen supplement, they did report a lower pain level in their A calcium-collagen chelate dietary supplement attenuates bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2016;96(12):4077-81. Kynurenines and PACAP in Migraine: Medicinal Chemistry and Pathogenetic Aspects. 2014;27(3):113-9. Marine collagen supplements. J Med Food. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. There were no statistically significant effects for the other dependent variables (P > 0.05). In one scoop of peptide powder, you typically get 10 grams of protein and 40 calories, which is not a bad trade-off. There are numerous reasons why you might be taking a collagen supplement. There is some evidence to suggest that using collagen supplements may help increase muscle mass. Li X, He Z, Xu J, Su C, Xiao X, Zhang L, Zhang H, Li H. Foods. Effects of Collagen Peptides on Recovery Following Eccentric Exercise in Resistance-Trained Males-A Pilot Study. The answer is yes., a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that people who took collagen-based Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise. Int J Dermatol 2021;60(12):1449-1461. Schwartz SR, Park J. Ingestion of BioCell Collagen, a novel hydrolyzed chicken sternal cartilage extract; enhanced blood microcirculation and reduced facial aging signs. Glutamate receptor-subtype antagonists are effective in preclinical models of migraine, and in the clinic. WebCollagen peptides are used as a bioactive ingredient in nutricosmetic products and have been shown in preclinical studies to improve skin barrier function, to induce the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid, and to promote fibroblast growth and migration. Quantitative assessment of the association between. Be the first to hear about exclusive offers and latest arrivals. As with any supplement, collagen supplements do have some potential side effects, especially when taken in excess. View abstract. 2018 Nov 11;19(11):3551. doi: 10.3390/ijms19113551. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. We currently have no information for COLLAGEN PEPTIDES overview. 2015;18(3):324-31. Other supplements like magnesium may also have a similar effect to too much calcium., Most collagen users benefit from the additional boost in calcium absorption as it can improve bone density among other things. So, these additional things are more often associated with certain side effects like an upset stomach. 2022 Aug 4;14(8):e27666. Collagen vs. biotin for the skin and hair, What to know about L-tryptophan supplements, The best collagen supplements: How to choose, a general feeling of heaviness in the stomach. "The riskiest side effects of any treatment are usually allergic By following these tips, you can help ensure safe use of collagen peptides powder and minimize the risk of side effects or health issues. Learn about some top options here. Kalman DS, Schwartz HI, Pachon J, Sheldon E, Almada AL. Undergoing the hydrolyzation process makes collagen easier for the body to absorb. Are they suitable for vegans and vegetarians? Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021;34(3):115-127.View abstract. View abstract. Are they safe, and do they work? de Miranda RB, Weimer P, Rossi RC. View abstract. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. Also of note, too much copper intake can make you nauseous and give you gastrointestinal issues. The less your body has to work to break down the collagen when you consume it, the less likely you are to get a stomach ache or other unwanted side effects. Taking collagen peptides by mouth might slightly relieve pain and improve joint function in people with. We avoid using tertiary references. J Cosmet Dermatol. Trc T, Bohmov J. Efficacy and tolerance of enzymatic hydrolysed collagen (EHC) vs. glucosamine sulphate (GS) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Knight, J., Jiang, J., Assimos, D. G., & Holmes, R. P. (2006). Sports Med Open. Would you like email updates of new search results? Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that collagen peptides induce collagen as well as glycosaminoglycan production, offering a mechanistic explanation for the observed clinical effects. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Although they are most popularly used to combat the signs of aging in the skin, collagen peptides can provide a number of other potential benefits as well. Pressure ulcer healing with a concentrated, fortified, collagen protein hydrolysate supplement: a randomized controlled trial. 2021;20(3):825-834. The easiest way to narrow down the absorption rate of a collagen protein is to see if it is hydrolyzed or not., Hydrolyzed or nano hydrolyzed collagen protein supplements, like ProT Gold, are easier to digest because the molecules are smaller and easier for your body to break down.. Effect of Collagen Hydrolysate and Fish Oil on High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with severe Burn; a Randomized Clinical Trial. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Collagen is a protein that our body already produces, so when taking it in a supplement form, you are replenishing your collagen stores with animal-based collagen., Since it is something that your body already recognizes and needs, the risk is relatively minimal and there are few health concerns about how collagen reacts within your body., Now, this isnt to say that there are no side effects, allergy concerns, or risks involved in taking a collagen supplement., Introducing any new supplement into your diet should be done so with the consultation of a medical professional, especially if you are taking prescription medications, are pregnant, or have any underlying health conditions., Every person taking a supplement may have a different reaction when introducing it into their diet. There are some reports that collagen supplements may cause other digestive side effects, such as heartburn and feelings of fullness ( 21 ). 2004;26(3-4):105-11. Whether or not collagen supplements are effective depends on what a person uses collagen for. pii: E482. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Wauquier F, Boutin-Wittrant L, Bouvret E, Le Faouder J, Roux V, Macian N, Pickering G, Wittrant Y. Nutrients. It is advisable to cautiously watch your collagen intake as excessive consumption often leads to some mild reactions. Lis DM, Baar K. Effects of Different Vitamin C-Enriched Collagen Derivatives on Collagen Synthesis. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. J Dermatol Sci. Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, dermatomyositis and scleroderma are autoimmune, connective tissue diseases known to damage collagen. 2020;72(3):125-130. However, it is important to understand what collagen and biotin are and what research is available to support these claims. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Mar Drugs. View abstract. pii: E157. 2022 Nov 24;20(12):734. doi: 10.3390/md20120734. If you have allergies, make sure to purchase supplements that arent made from collagen sources youre sensitive to. Two placebo-controlled clinical trials were run to assess the effect of a daily oral supplementation with collagen peptides on skin hydration by corneometry, on collagen density by high-resolution ultrasound and on collagen fragmentation by reflectance confocal microscopy. Epub 2015 Nov 4. Oral collagen supplements also increase skin elasticity, hydration, and dermal collagen density. WebGlutamate is implicated in cortical spreading depression, trigeminovascular activation, and central sensitization. 2011;35(3):341-8. Insulin is an example of a peptide drug, which is composed of 51 amino acids. View abstract. Heart failure: Could a low sodium diet sometimes do more harm than good? Collagen supplementation is generally safe with no reported adverse events. government site. 2023 Jan;13(1):e2820. 2015;14(4):291-301. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. If you take too much collagen, it can throw off the balance of amino acids in your body and lead to side effects such as headaches, digestive issues, and fatigue. Urinary Hydroxyproline Is Only Suitable As a Biomarker for Acute Intake, Up to 6 hr Postingestion of Collagen Proteins in "Free-Living," Healthy, Active Males. View abstract. Czajka A, Kania EM, Genovese L, et al. A randomized double blind clinical pilot trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of hydrolyzed collagen type II in adults with osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):11403. However, the likelihood of a headache due to collagen may be minimal in comparison to the many, , like ProT Gold, are easier to digest because the molecules are smaller and easier for your body to break down., Bariatric Surgery Recovery Time: What To Expect & When You Can Get Back to Work, 35 Bariatric-Friendly Snacks To Eat After Surgery, The Pre Gastric Bypass Diet: What To Eat and Drink, How To Shorten Gastric Bypass Recovery Time: 7 Simple Tips. pii: E76. 2016 Feb;116(2):353-62. doi: 10.1007/s00421-015-3290-x. We do not provide medical diagnosis, advice, or treatments. The researchers theorized that collagen helped stimulate the production of the proteins responsible for muscle growth. Collagen supplements may help support skin, hair, and joint health. Subscribe to get special offers, free giveaways, and once-in-a-lifetime deals. 2009;60 Suppl 2:99-113. MeSH For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Epub 2022 Dec 1. Insulin is an example of a peptide drug, which is composed of 51 amino acids. 2017 Dec 14;12(12):CD009789. View abstract. Curr Med Res Opin. eCollection 2022. Kim HY, Lee JD, Lee YH, Seo SW, Lee HS, Kim S, Kim KB. However, more research is necessary to prove the effects of collagen in supporting heart health. We include products we think are useful for our readers. Its important, in such cases, not to over-consume collagen peptides or take them right before sleeping. Maturitas. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Collagen supplements have the potential to cause both headaches and migraines., According to a few case studies on using collagen to treat osteoarthritis, when participants were using the collagen supplement, they did report a lower pain level in their joints but among the most commonly reported side effects was a headache from time to time.. Prowting JL, Bemben D, Black CD, Day EA, Campbell JA. 2016;39(3):428-34. View abstract. Collagen has become so popular in recent years because of its incredible benefits. 2017 Nov 2;14(6):706-714. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1310781. Look for companies that get their bones and tissues from cage-free, free-range, and antibiotic-free sources, and avoid formulas with multiple additives. The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Clin Interv Aging. The two most commonly proposed benefits of collagen peptides are improved skin health and reduced joint pain. Alipoor E, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Salehi S, et al. Nutrients 2021;13(2):523. Hakuta A, Yamaguchi Y, Okawa T, Yamamoto S, Sakai Y, Aihara M. Anti-inflammatory effect of collagen tripeptide in atopic dermatitis. Can Collagen Cause High Triglycerides. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? Apart from fatigue, this might lead to headaches and feelings of nervousness and irritability. 2021;20(1):188-194. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. But these supplements are also touted to support digestion and heart health, prevent bone loss and increase muscle mass. There is some evidence to back these claims up. Collagen supplements can help improve skin health. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27666. Looking at the ingredients we find, they are natural, gluten-free, non-GMO, dairy-free, grass-fed pasture-raised cows, and wild-caught fish, and cage-free chickens. But does collagen have any side effects, and can collagen cause headaches?. Type 2: This is present primarily in cartilage and can help promote joint health. Reducing the stiffness of arteries can help promote heart health. 2009 Jun;18(6):789-803. doi: 10.1517/13543780902913792. For example, in a study in the Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals, several women drank a mixture containing various vitamins, minerals, hydrolyzed collagen, and hyaluronic acid. A person should choose the supplement that best supports their goals when picking a collagen type. 2022 Dec;52(12):2889-2908. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01718-8. Most people can take collagen supplements without A 2016 animal study also found that collagen hydrolysate (also called collagen peptides) reduced fat cell size and weight gain in rats. WebAutoimmune diseases (your bodys immune system attacks its own tissue) can damage collagen. Keywords: Careers. Collagen is a type of structural protein in the body. Knig D, Oesser S, Scharla S, Zdzieblik D, Gollhofer A. 2020;46(1):156-163. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions, countermovement jumps (CMJ), muscle soreness (200 mm visual analogue scale), pressure pain threshold, Brief Assessment of Mood Adapted (BAM +) and a range of blood markers associated with muscle damage, inflammation and bone turnover C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (-CTX) and N-terminal propeptides of type 1 pro-collagen (P1NP) were measured before supplementation (baseline; BL), pre, post, 1.5, 24 and 48 h post-exercise. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Although certain foods, such as bone broth, contain collagen, people who want wrinkle-free skin or other health benefits often look to supplements to increase their collagen intake. 2022 Sep 16;11(18):2869. doi: 10.3390/foods11182869. Nutrients 2021;13(12):4372. Collagen Peptides for Hair. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Conclusions and Relevance: Preliminary results are promising for the short and long-term use of oral collagen supplements for wound healing and skin aging. Dietary supplements do not improve bone morphology or mechanical properties in young female C57BL/6 mice. Some collage supplements do source from these animals, so when taking them, youre likely to have an allergic reaction of some kind., The question of whether collagen can cause headaches or not is somewhat subjective, but the short answer is yes. Using a View abstract. Jendricke P, Kohl J, Centner C, Gollhofer A, Knig D. Influence of specific collagen peptides and concurrent training on cardiometabolic parameters and performance indices in women: A randomized controlled trial.

Does Steve Buscemi Have Graves Disease, How Long To Veg In 3 Gallon Pots, Neville Perry And Mick Clark Are They A Couple, Articles C