pros and cons of descriptive representation

Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. It encourages a coalition government. They can determine results and guarantee their accuracy by manipulating and isolating certain variables, removing those that are extraneous and unwanted. Scherer, N., & Curry, B. It creates a system of government where more voices can be heard, but fewer actually receive a listening ear. Using observation, qualitative data can be collected on the habits of supermarket customers regarding the purchases they make in it. (2010). For the case of the design of a descriptive investigation, most of the time it is necessary to obtain data that refers to the quantity. Du Bois Review, 2(02), 227246. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. As long as a party receives enough of a proportional vote to equal one seat, they will be represented within the government at some level. A: MMP or mixed-member proportional representation is a political system used in places like New Zealand and Germany, where voters cast a two-part ballot, selecting both a preferred local. You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. In the administration of elections, poll workers serve as the face of elections and are the street level bureaucrats that voters interact with most. 4. By Colin Jones, Robert M. Stein, Lonna Atkeson, M.V. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research, Different research methods have contrasting directions and distinct heights of gravity. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. This literature traces its roots to the work of Thibaut and Walker (1975). Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe a population or phenomenon. This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. Different from an absolute majority, a full majority brings more voices into each debate, allowing for a diversity of opinions to be heard. Gerrymandering. WAPPP's Gender Action Portal (GAP) team is committed to intersectionality as a core guiding principle for our work in gender policy research translation. However, descriptive research can also be limiting. Social Science Quarterly, 88(5), 11061123. volume39,pages 3150 (2017)Cite this article. Descriptive statistics can be useful for two purposes: 1) to provide basic information about variables in a dataset and 2) to highlight potential relationships between variables. Advantages: unbiased distribution of confounders; blinding more likely; randomisation facilitates statistical analysis. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. Schwindt-Bayer, L. A., & Mishler, W. (2005). In 2022, HKS doctoral student Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman published a critically acclaimed collection, The Black Agenda. 2-3:30 pm Example: The population may be all people living in India. Usually, the cross-sectional or transectional design is the most used to carry out this type of research, although it is also possible to use the pre-experimental design. Several countries, since 2016, have elected representatives and leaders that have promoted isolationist views. Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. proposals are formulated against the foil of the dominant model of . pros and cons of descriptive representation. Procedural justice: A psychological analysis. (McLeod, 2015) In my opinion, controlled observation is the most accurate mothed to use when studying a subject, because professionals can control and account for different variables. . March 7 This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. Problems to select a suitable method: Information can be . In the United States, where there are two major parties in a winner-takes-all format, each elected representative only represents a simple majority of the population. It allows us to see part of the human mind and how it works and how it interact with others. (2005). The structures behind proportional representation allow independent candidates and minority parties an opportunity to be elected, which can end the dynasties of the major political parties in that country. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. A current officeholder. In contexts of historical political subordination and low de facto legitimacy, descriptive representation helps create a social meaning of "ability to rule" and increases the attachment to the polity of members of the group. Womens Experience with Prescribing Providers? The study included pregnant women that are depressed. The limitations of descriptive research include that it cannot explain why something is happening and may be biased. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Cerulo, K. A. Erikson, R. S. (1978). Politics of presence? What is a Descriptive Representative? The delegate theory of representation. They allow to formulate hypotheses, as well as provide a large amount of valuable data for the development of future investigations. All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. Political Research Quarterly, 63(4), 890907. The alternative is to gather a random sample and then use the methodologies of inferential statistics to analyze the . Instead, descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. WAPPP has compiled resources from across Harvard University on what the historic ruling means for reproductive rights and other protected civil liberties. (2009). However, if researchers want to understand why something is happening, they may need to use other research methods. " The Pros and Cons of Gender Quota Laws: What Happens When You Kick Men Out and . Journal of Politics, 68(2), 233247. what does silent notifications mean; why is there a shortage of paper towels again? Desposato, S., & Norrander, B. Koch, J. It can be an unstable form of government. Constructing successful ways to reach goals necessary to make something as small as possible in the event of medication errors and patient safety. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435457. See appendix (Supplementary material) for detailed comparison of CCAP and MTurk data. Polit Behav 39, 3150 (2017). Being able to make a forecast of the weather that a particular child of that city plays. To carry out a descriptive research, it is necessary to know in advance the variables that will be analyzed, since this type of research is not dedicated to the search for variables, but to their study. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. The case of the US courts. 2. 6. Pros and Cons: Getting a Professional vs. 7. Additionally, it is possible to make future forecasts, although they are considered premature or basic. Sociological Forum, 8(2), 243271. While it stands to reason that voters are more confident when candidates who areaffiliatedwith their political party win, what voters experience while casting a ballot can also contribute to their confidence in elections. In Belgium, the negotiations required after their 2010 election to form a governing coalition took 18 months to complete, leaving a crippled government in its place where nothing got done. The Gender and Politics initiative aims to advance research on representative democracy and equitable participation in governments across the globe. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. village 201 new townhomes by alliance development virginia palmer elementary school staff. 1999 The University of Chicago Press For example, research studying the morphology and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is descriptive. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of, The Black Agenda with Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman, Continuing Conflict: Old Challenges and New Debates, Revenge of the Patriarchs Why Autocrats Fear Women, We are a tinderbox: Political violence is ramping up, experts warn, Eliana La Ferrara: An economist looking at the world through a wider lens, Hourly and gig workers have it worse than we thoughtand why that matters for u, The reversal of reproductive rights in America is contrary to global trends. Amazons mechanical turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? That means those who serve in the government are less likely to focus on local issues as they have no local representation responsibilities. To investigate this, we also ran an identical treatment on an MTurk sample that allowed us to identify subjects zip codes. The Journal of Politics Through rigorous research, we offer gender insights into work, politics, and conflict that have the potential to reduce or eliminate barriers so all people can fulfill their life aspirations unconstrained by gender bias. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. (1999). There are woman that dont the help because is challenge to get mental health. 2. It allows different voices to be heard. The Gender Action Portal (GAP) serves as an online tool for decision-makers across sectors. It can create political gridlock, just like in any other system of government. WAPPP commemorates Transgender Awareness Week and honors the memory of Rodrigo Ventocilla MPA/ID 2023. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. When nondescriptive representatives have, for various reasons, greater In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools This is particularly true in federal elections when the more than 3,000 counties, parishes, and boroughs in the United States individually conduct elections that are used to determine outcomes for the states in which they are embedded and the nation as a whole. Amazons Mechanical Turk is an online system through which workers can complete short tasks for compensation. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. Pros: 1. This makes it easy for students to see where they stand in their academic performance. The analysis demonstrates that similar to other public policy spaces, descriptive representation in the administration of elections matters. Survey of the Performance of American Elections. Google Scholar. Women and Public Policy Program To achieve this task, the researcher can choose between two different types of research designs, which have specific characteristics that differentiate them from each other. The seldom receive access to the majority coalition and rarely earn an absolute majority, but there is always the possibility that their voiced opinions will gain traction with the general population. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. These three measures are all highly correlated and the index has a standardized \(\alpha\) of 0.89 for Study 1, 0.86 for Study 2, and 0.91 for study 3. However, what good representation should be is debated. TheMIT Election Data and Science Labhelps highlight new research and interesting ideas in election science. It has received increasing attention as a source of subjects for social science researchers. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- . Race, political empowerment, and minority perceptions of judicial fairness. American Political Science Review, 90, 794812. Being female, black, and possessing a more liberal ideology were associated with lower perceptions of fairness. This is the conceptual view of the end product, whatever the owner can think about relative to its use. Gay, C. (2002). It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. I consider the essentialist line of reasoning as unsustainable because it pays little attention to differences among women. New Haven: Yale University press. 0. American Politics Research, 43, 144169. Some examples of descriptive investigations may be the following: Studying the penguin population that exists in the South Georgia Islands is a descriptive investigation that answers the what and where. The benefits of descriptive research include that it is a great way to get a snapshot of a situation and can identify trends or patterns. In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. WAPPP Co-Director Iris Bohnet will be a featured panelist in the upcoming policy forum on Using Innovation and Technology to Advance Gender Equality" hosted by @ipinst, @swiss_un, and @INTGenderChamps. Hood III, and Mason Reece, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration. Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.coms mechanical turk. It can help researchers understand the current state of affairs and provide a foundation for further research. It enables both the collection of quantitative data and qualitative data. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents' interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. By analyzing data, researchers can identify trends that may not have been apparent otherwise. Lombardo, E., & Meier, P. (2014). Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. 3. There were 23 respondents who self-identified as Mixed Race, but they were not required to identify what combination of races they identify as. As in all types of research, the data provided by descriptive research must be both accurate and reliable. Race and turnout: Does descriptive representation in state legislatures increase minority voting? Thequalityof poll workers,experienceswith voting equipment and technology, andevaluationsof polling locations can all affect how confident citizens are in elections. An analysis of given workloads in the event of medication errors in nursing was conducted by an exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Descriptive research is a powerful tool that can be used to gain insights into a particular subject. The strengths of naturalistic observations are better generalizing, subjects are comfortable which adds to higher degree of realism. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. ups order supplies unavailable; beaver creek club colorado. In a proportional representation system, if the party wins 50% of the vote over 12 districts, then 6 seats would be awarded to them from the election results. Specifically, the data were used to determine if black voters who interacted with a black poll worker on Election Day were likely to be more confident when compared to black voters who interacted with a poll worker of another race/ethnicity. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. par | Juin 16, 2022 | east bridgewater town election 2021 | valleydale hot dogs | Juin 16, 2022 | east bridgewater town election 2021 | valleydale hot dogs Research questions are the first step to takebefore starting to study something that intrigues us. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. An experimental comparison study in which participants are allocated to treatment/intervention or control/placebo groups using a random mechanism (see randomisation). British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. Does descriptive race representation enhance institutional legitimacy? Having more voices can be a good thing, but it can also create a discord that makes it impossible to government. That means the representatives are required to build consensus through compromise, which results in moderate, centrist policies instead of sliding to the left or the right. The research design is used to draw up the work plan to follow in the research. Harvard Kennedy School Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Representativeness and elections: A policy analysis. Watch the livestream here: https://t.co/JVFHDCOYJv, Many of us look at conflict as something wed rather avoid than engage in confidently. Under proportional representation, everyone would have an opportunity to have their views represented in their government in some way. 2, In addition to elected officials, descriptive representation can contribute to how legitimate citizens view the actions of bureaucrats (when black citizens are stopped by black police officers, they are more likely to perceive their actions aslegitimate) and encourage involvement in government (when there are more blacks in public institutions, the likelihood ofinvolvement by blacks increases). Democratic theorists have long been concerned with the proper form of representation in modern governance. Critical Mass and Women's Substantive Representation Women's descriptive representation and the literature that addresses the means by which more women might be elected to national office involve, at face value, number-based models. Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality. See Jane run: Women politicians as role models for adolescents. Journal of Politics, 65(4), 10401061. Race, sociopolitical participation, and black empowerment. There are times when a strong majority in the government is required to push through needed reforms. The SPAE is a national survey that is used to gauge the quality of the election experience. A. Constituency influence in Congress. Tate, K. (2003). In addition, it is possible to present a hypothesis and to expand the degree of knowledge about the event under investigation. Many communities under this system can come away feeling like they dont matter to the governing coalition. Collective vs. dyadic representation in Congress. When black constituents have black representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives, theyrate their representativeshigher than blacks with white representatives. Naturalistic observational research is important because it allows researchers to observe people in a natural habitat without any variable manipulation. More people feel like they are adequately represented under this type of structure. Descriptive researchis atype of researchthat is responsible for describing the population situation or phenomenon around which his study focuses. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. At the same time, greater inclusion can also lead toward higher levels of extremism within the government, while encouraging more gridlock if the political parties are unable to find a pathway toward compromise. A finding supported with regard to courts by Scherer and Curry (2010), although their study did not take into account whether this effect would be independent of substantive outcomes. To investigate other possible predictors of perceptions of fairness, we also re-ran the results adjusting for several demographic and political covariates. Matthew Hayes. The effect of black voters interacting with a black poll worker when compared to a non-black poll worker increases the probability of being very confident in ballot accuracy from a range of 8 to 10 percentage points. However, it is important to understand its limitations and when it is most appropriate to use. Pitkin, H. F. (1967). Proportional representation removes this obstacle, allowing real issues to be debated instead of trying to woo swing voters that could provide a simple majority vote. helvetia 20 franc gold coin 1947 value; pros and cons of descriptive representation. American Journal of Political Science, 511535. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 35. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48(4), 741756.

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